SUMMARYMineral nitrogen (N) fertilization in cereals is commonly split into three or four applications. In order to simplify N fertilization, a single N application either broadcast or placed on the soil surface was compared to conventionally split fertilization for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The 4-year experiment (2007–2010) was performed using a participatory approach on farmers’ fields on deep loamy soils (Luvisols) in South-West Germany.Grain yield and crude protein contents differed only slightly or not at all between treatments including different N fertilizer types (calcium ammonium nitrate, urea ammonium nitrate solution, urea) and application techniques (broadcast, placed). Furthermore, no differences were found for the yield components ears/m2 and thousand grain weight. Inorganic N in the soil profile after harvest was generally below 40 kg N/ha and did not differ between treatments. In the area where N was placed, mineral N was depleted during the vegetation period.At the experimental sites a single N application in the period between tillering and stem elongation was sufficient to achieve high yield and quality of winter wheat without increased risk of nitrate leaching. This finding was independent of the method of application or the type of fertilizer.

中文翻译：

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冬小麦需要分开施氮肥吗？德国西南部 Luvisols 的农场研究

摘要谷物中的矿物氮 (N) 施肥通常分为三个或四个应用。为了简化氮肥施肥，将单次施氮肥或撒施在土壤表面与传统的冬小麦分次施肥进行了比较。小麦L.)。为期 4 年的实验（2007-2010 年）采用参与式方法在德国西南部深厚肥沃土壤（Luvisols）上的农民田间进行。谷物产量和粗蛋白含量在包括不同处理在内的处理之间仅略有差异或根本没有差异氮肥类型（硝酸铵钙、尿素硝酸铵溶液、尿素）和施用技术（广播、放置）。此外，没有发现产量成分 ears/m 的差异2和千粒重。收获后土壤剖面中的无机氮通常低于 40 kg N/ha，处理之间没有差异。在施氮的地区，在植被生长期间，矿物质氮被耗尽。在试验地点，在分蘖和茎伸长期间单次施氮足以实现冬小麦的高产和优质，而不会增加硝酸盐淋失的风险. 这一发现与施用方法或肥料类型无关。