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Covariate Decomposition Methods for Longitudinal Missing-at-Random Data and Predictors Associated with Subject-Specific Effects
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2014-11-11 , DOI: 10.1111/anzs.12093
John M Neuhaus 1 , Charles E McCulloch 1
Affiliation  

Investigators often gather longitudinal data to assess changes in responses over time within subjects and to relate these changes to within-subject changes in predictors. Missing data are common in such studies and predictors can be correlated with subject-specific effects. Maximum likelihood methods for generalized linear mixed models provide consistent estimates when the data are `missing at random' (MAR) but can produce inconsistent estimates in settings where the random effects are correlated with one of the predictors. On the other hand, conditional maximum likelihood methods (and closely related maximum likelihood methods that partition covariates into between- and within-cluster components) provide consistent estimation when random effects are correlated with predictors but can produce inconsistent covariate effect estimates when data are MAR. Using theory, simulation studies, and fits to example data this paper shows that decomposition methods using complete covariate information produce consistent estimates. In some practical cases these methods, that ostensibly require complete covariate information, actually only involve the observed covariates. These results offer an easy-to-use approach to simultaneously protect against bias from both cluster-level confounding and MAR missingness in assessments of change.

中文翻译:

纵向随机数据缺失和与受试者特定效应相关的预测变量的协变量分解方法

研究人员经常收集纵向数据以评估受试者内反应随时间的变化,并将这些变化与受试者内预测变量的变化联系起来。缺失数据在此类研究中很常见,预测因子可能与特定对象的影响相关。当数据“随机缺失”(MAR)时,广义线性混合模型的最大似然方法提供了一致的估计,但在随机效应与预测变量之一相关的设置中可能会产生不一致的估计。另一方面,当随机效应与预测变量相关时,条件最大似然方法(以及将协变量划分为簇间和簇内分量的密切相关的最大似然方法)提供一致的估计,但当数据为 MAR 时会产生不一致的协变量效应估计。本文使用理论、模拟研究和对示例数据的拟合表明,使用完整协变量信息的分解方法可产生一致的估计。在一些实际情况下,这些方法表面上需要完整的协变量信息,实际上只涉及观察到的协变量。这些结果提供了一种易于使用的方法,可以同时防止来自集群级别混杂和 MAR 缺失评估变化的偏差。并拟合示例数据 本文表明,使用完整协变量信息的分解方法会产生一致的估计。在一些实际情况下,这些方法表面上需要完整的协变量信息,实际上只涉及观察到的协变量。这些结果提供了一种易于使用的方法,可以同时防止来自集群级别混杂和 MAR 缺失评估变化的偏差。并拟合示例数据 本文表明,使用完整协变量信息的分解方法会产生一致的估计。在一些实际情况下,这些方法表面上需要完整的协变量信息,实际上只涉及观察到的协变量。这些结果提供了一种易于使用的方法,可以同时防止来自集群级混杂和变化评估中的 MAR 缺失的偏差。
更新日期:2014-11-11
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