Apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea Klug) is a serious pest in European organic apple production. They hatch during a short period only, making correct timing of control measures crucial. Swedish organic growers have requested a strategy for optimal timing of the Quassia amara (Simaroubaceae) extract against the apple sawfly. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop methods to predict the timing of Q. amara control in Sweden. A temperature sum model for timely placement of monitoring or mass-trapping sticky traps was validated for Swedish conditions. The average emergence of sawflies occurred at 169 degree days (SD = 20) counted from March 15 (threshold temperature 4 °C). The difference in emergence from existing first flight model of average and maximum 9 and 39 degree days (1 and 9 calendar days) was found acceptable. Accumulated oviposition of 85 % at full bloom (BBCH 65) suggests that mass trapping and monitoring could stop at this time. This is supported by a tendency of decreased trap catches during that period. Three application times for Q. amara were compared: (A) at petal fall (BBCH 67), (B) at a date calculated using female trap catch numbers and temperature sums, and (C) prior to peak egg hatch observed in the field. All treatments resulted in significantly lower percentage of damaged apples compared to the unsprayed control, with significantly less damage (1.3 %) in plots treated according to method (B). The results provide information on adult phenology and methods that could be used to determine timing of mass trapping and insecticide application against the apple sawfly.

中文翻译：

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在瑞典，对温度合算模型和Quassia amara（Simaroubaceae）木片提取物控制苹果锯齿（Hoplocampa testudinea Klug）的时间进行了评估。

苹果锯蝇（Hoplocampa testudinea Klug）是欧洲有机苹果生产中的一种严重害虫。它们仅在短时间内孵化，因此正确的控制措施时机至关重要。瑞典有机种植者已要求采取最佳时机，针对苹果锯蝇的Quassia amara（Simaroubaceae）提取物的策略。因此，本研究的目的是开发预测阿马拉Q.时间的方法在瑞典控制。针对瑞典的条件，对用于及时放置监控器或诱集粘性陷阱的温度求和模型进行了验证。从3月15日（阈值温度4°C）开始，锯齿虫的平均出现时间为169度（SD = 20）。发现与现有的首次飞行模型的平均和最大9度和39度日（1和9个历日）的出现差异是可以接受的。盛开时产卵量达85％（BBCH 65）表明，此时可能会停止大量的诱捕和监测。在此期间，捕集阱捕捞量呈下降趋势，这得到了支持。Q. amara的三个申请时间进行了比较：（A）落花瓣时（BBCH 67），（B）使用雌性陷阱捕获数量和温度总和计算的日期，以及（C）在田间观察到卵孵化高峰之前。与未喷洒的对照相比，所有处理均导致受损苹果的百分比显着降低，在根据方法（B）处理的地块中，受损苹果的比例显着降低（1.3％）。结果提供了有关成人物候学和方法的信息，这些信息可用于确定对苹果锯蝇进行大规模诱捕和施用杀虫剂的时机。