Developmental differences in mental representations of choices, reward sensitivity, and behavioral inhibition (self‐control) explain greater susceptibility to risk taking. Ironically, relying on precise representations in reasoning promotes greater risk taking, but this reliance declines as adolescents mature. This phenomenon is known as a developmental reversal; it is called a reversal because it violates traditional developmental expectations of greater cognitive complexity with maturation. Fuzzy‐trace theory (FTT) predicts reversals by proposing two types of mental representation (gist and verbatim), and that risk takers rely more on verbatim processing when making decisions. In this article, we describe the main tenets of FTT and explain how it can account for risky decision making. We also explore the neural underpinnings of development and decision making in the context of distinctions from FTT. FTT's predictions elucidate unanswered questions about risk taking, providing directions for research.

中文翻译：

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风险决策的发展：模糊轨迹理论和神经生物学观点。

选择的心理表征、奖励敏感性和行为抑制（自我控制）方面的发育差异解释了对冒险的更大敏感性。讽刺的是，在推理中依赖精确的表征会促进更大的冒险行为，但随着青少年的成熟，这种依赖会减弱。这种现象被称为发育逆转。它被称为逆转，因为它违反了随着成熟而增加认知复杂性的传统发展预期。模糊跟踪理论（FTT）通过提出两种类型的心理表征（要点和逐字）来预测逆转，并且风险承担者在做出决策时更多地依赖逐字处理。在本文中，我们描述了 FTT 的主要原则，并解释了它如何解释风险决策。我们还探讨了与 FTT 的区别背景下发展和决策的神经基础。FTT 的预测阐明了有关冒险的尚未解答的问题，为研究提供了方向。