Although a great deal of research has focused on ontological judgments in preschoolers, very little has examined ontological judgments in older children. The present study asked 10-year-olds and adults (N = 94) to judge the reality status of known real, known imagined, and novel entities presented in simple and elaborate contexts and to explain their judgments. Although judgments were generally apt, participants were more likely to endorse imagined and novel entities when the entities were presented in elaborate contexts. When asked to explain their reasoning, participants at both ages cited firsthand experience for real entities and general knowledge for imagined entities. For novel entities, participants referred most to indirect experiences when entities were presented in simple contexts and to general knowledge when those entities were presented in elaborate contexts. These results suggest that rich contextual information continues to be an important influence on ontological judgments past the preschool years.

中文翻译：

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现实语境对新实体本体论判断的影响

尽管大量研究都集中在学龄前儿童的本体论判断上，但很少研究大龄儿童的本体论判断。本研究要求 10 岁儿童和成年人 (N = 94) 判断在简单而复杂的上下文中呈现的已知真实、已知想象和新实体的现实状态，并解释他们的判断。虽然判断通常是恰当的，但当实体在精心设计的上下文中呈现时，参与者更有可能认可想象的和新颖的实体。当被要求解释他们的推理时，两个年龄段的参与者都引用了真实实体的第一手经验和想象实体的一般知识。对于新实体，当实体出现在简单的上下文中时，参与者最常提到间接经验，而当这些实体出现在复杂的上下文中时，他们提到一般知识。这些结果表明，丰富的上下文信息继续对学龄前的本体论判断产生重要影响。