Self‐controlled behavior refers to actions aligned with valued, longer term goals in the face of conflicting impulses to seek immediate gratification. In this article, we argue that the psychological processes that contribute to self‐controlled behavior can be grouped into two functionally distinct categories: Volitional processes facilitate self‐controlled behavior and include executive functions as well as learned metacognitive strategies like planning, attention deployment, and psychological distancing. In contrast, impulsigenic processes undermine self‐controlled behavior and include reward sensitivity, sensation seeking, and domain‐specific cravings. A disproportionate amount of research has addressed the former at the expense of understanding individual and developmental differences in the latter. This imbalance is now being rectified. Distinguishing between self‐controlled behavior and its antecedent psychological processes helps illuminate normative developmental changes in self‐control and points to directions for measurement and intervention.

中文翻译：

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开箱自控。

自我控制的行为是指在寻求立即满足的冲动冲突时，与有价值的长期目标一致的行为。在本文中，我们认为，有助于自我控制行为的心理过程可以分为两个功能上不同的类别：自愿过程有助于自我控制行为，包括执行功能以及学习的元认知策略，例如计划，注意力部署和心理疏远。相反，冲动过程破坏了自我控制的行为，包括奖励敏感性，感觉寻求和特定领域的渴望。大量研究针对前者，但以了解后者的个体差异和发展差异为代价。这种不平衡现在正在纠正中。