Ionic‐liquid (IL) electrolytes, characterized by large potential windows, intrinsic ionic conductivity, low environmental hazard, and high safety, are used for micropore‐ and mesopore‐rich activated‐carbon (AC_micro and AC_meso) supercapacitors. IL electrolytes consisting of various cations [1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMI⁺), N‐propyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (PMP⁺), and N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium (BMP⁺)] and various anions [bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI⁻), BF₄⁻, and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI⁻)] are investigated. The electrolyte conductivity, viscosity, and ion transport properties at the AC_micro and AC_meso electrodes are studied. In addition, the capacitance, rate capability, and cycling stability of the two types of AC electrodes are systematically examined and post‐mortem material analyses are conducted. The effects of IL composition on the charge–discharge capacitances of the AC_micro electrodes are more pronounced than those for the AC_meso electrodes. The FSI‐based IL electrolytes, for which electrochemical properties are cation dependent, are found to be promising. Incorporating EMI⁺ with FSI⁻ results in a low electrolyte viscosity and a fast ion transport, giving rise to optimized electrode capacitance and rate capability. Replacing EMI⁺ with PMP⁺ increases the cell voltage (to 3.5 V) and maximum energy density (to 42 Wh kg⁻¹) of the AC_micro cell at the cost of cycling stability.

中文翻译：

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各种组成离子在离子液体电解质中微孔和中孔丰富的活性炭的超电容特性

离子液体（IL）电解质具有大的潜在窗口，固有的离子电导率，低环境危害性和高安全性，可用于富含微孔和中孔的活性炭（AC_微型和AC中_观）超级电容器。IL电解质由各种阳离子[1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓（EMI ⁺），N-丙基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓（PMP ⁺）和N-丁基-N-甲基吡咯烷鎓（BMP ⁺）]和各种阴离子[bis（bis（三氟甲基磺酰）亚胺（TFSI ^- ），BF ₄ ^- ，和双（氟磺酰）亚胺（FSI ^-）]进行调查。研究了在AC_微型电极和AC_介观电极上的电解质电导率，粘度和离子传输性能。此外，系统地检查了两种交流电极的电容，速率能力和循环稳定性，并进行了事后材料分析。IL成分对AC_微电极的充放电电容的影响比AC_介观电极的影响更为明显。人们发现，基于FSI的IL电解质具有良好的电化学性能，该电解质的电化学性质取决于阳离子。将EMI ⁺与FSI结合在一起^-导致低电解质粘度和快速离子传输，从而带来优化的电极电容和倍率能力。用PMP ⁺代替EMI ^+会增加AC_微电池的电池电压（至3.5 V）和最大能量密度（至42 Wh kg ^-1），但会增加循环稳定性。