Abstract The submitted work presented new foaming formulations demonstrated for production of bio- phenol formaldehyde (BPF) resins and thermal insulation foams using raw kraft lignin (KL) as a green feedstock, reducing both petroleum-based phenol and formaldehyde by up to 50%. The obtained lignin-based BPF foams exhibited low apparent density (20–80 kg/m3), strong compressive strength (up to 1.01 MPa), excellent thermal conductivity (0.03–0.048 W/m·K) and combustion properties (LOI: 32–33%), and satisfactory closed cell structure, all comparable to commercial phenol formaldehyde (PF) foams. These BPF foams, using KL, can act as flame retardant and insulation materials for construction or retrofitting of buildings, thereby future commercialization of these lignin-derived phenolic foams would lead to cleaner production of flame retardant and insulation materials using forestry and agricultural residues/waste.

中文翻译：

---

使用原料牛皮纸木质素生产生物酚醛泡沫的新型发泡配方

摘要 提交的工作展示了新的发泡配方，用于生产生物酚醛 (BPF) 树脂和隔热泡沫，使用粗硫酸盐木质素 (KL) 作为绿色原料，将石油基苯酚和甲醛减少多达 50%。获得的木质素基 BPF 泡沫表现出低表观密度 (20–80 kg/m3)、高抗压强度 (高达 1.01 MPa)、优异的导热性 (0.03–0.048 W/m·K) 和燃烧性能 (LOI: 32 –33%) 和令人满意的闭孔结构，所有这些都可与商业酚醛 (PF) 泡沫相媲美。这些使用 KL 的 BPF 泡沫可作为阻燃和绝缘材料，用于建筑或改造建筑物，