Complex mammalian-like haematopoietic system found in a colonial chordate,Nature

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Complex mammalian-like haematopoietic system found in a colonial chordate
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0783-x
Benyamin Rosental _{1,

2} , Mark Kowarsky ₃ , Jun Seita _{1,

4} , Daniel M Corey ₁ , Katherine J Ishizuka _{1,

2} , Karla J Palmeri _{1,

2} , Shih-Yu Chen ₅ , Rahul Sinha ₁ , Jennifer Okamoto ₆ , Gary Mantalas _{7,

8} , Lucia Manni ₉ , Tal Raveh ₁ , D Nathaniel Clarke ₂ , Jonathan M Tsai ₁ , Aaron M Newman ₁ , Norma F Neff ₆ , Garry P Nolan ₅ , Stephen R Quake _{6,

7} , Irving L Weissman _{1,

2,

10} , Ayelet Voskoboynik _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
AI based Healthcare and Medical Data Analysis Standardization Unit, Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Haematopoiesis is an essential process that evolved in multicellular animals. At the heart of this process are haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are multipotent and self-renewing, and generate the entire repertoire of blood and immune cells throughout an animal’s life1. Although there have been comprehensive studies on self-renewal, differentiation, physiological regulation and niche occupation in vertebrate HSCs, relatively little is known about the evolutionary origin and niches of these cells. Here we describe the haematopoietic system of Botryllus schlosseri, a colonial tunicate that has a vasculature and circulating blood cells, and interesting stem-cell biology and immunity characteristics2–8. Self-recognition between genetically compatible B. schlosseri colonies leads to the formation of natural parabionts with shared circulation, whereas incompatible colonies reject each other3,4,7. Using flow cytometry, whole-transcriptome sequencing of defined cell populations and diverse functional assays, we identify HSCs, progenitors, immune effector cells and an HSC niche, and demonstrate that self-recognition inhibits allospecific cytotoxic reactions. Our results show that HSC and myeloid lineage immune cells emerged in a common ancestor of tunicates and vertebrates, and also suggest that haematopoietic bone marrow and the B. schlosseri endostyle niche evolved from a common origin.The identification of a complex haematopoietic system in a colonial tunicate sheds light on the evolution of the mammalian blood system.

中文翻译：

在殖民脊索动物中发现复杂的类似哺乳动物的造血系统

造血是多细胞动物进化的一个重要过程。这一过程的核心是造血干细胞 (HSC)，它们具有多能性和自我更新性，可在动物的一生中产生全部血液和免疫细胞1。尽管对脊椎动物造血干细胞的自我更新、分化、生理调节和生态位占据进行了全面的研究，但对这些细胞的进化起源和生态位的了解相对较少。在这里，我们描述了灰霉病（Botryllus schlosseri）的造血系统，这是一种具有脉管系统和循环血细胞的群体性被囊动物，以及有趣的干细胞生物学和免疫特征2-8。遗传相容的 B. schlosseri 菌落之间的自我识别导致形成具有共享循环的天然副生物，而不相容的菌落则相互排斥3,4,7。使用流式细胞术、特定细胞群的全转录组测序和多种功能测定，我们鉴定了 HSC、祖细胞、免疫效应细胞和 HSC 生态位，并证明自我识别抑制同种异体特异性细胞毒性反应。我们的研究结果表明，HSC 和髓系免疫细胞出现在被囊动物和脊椎动物的共同祖先中，并且还表明造血骨髓和 B. schlosseri 内风格生态位是从共同起源进化而来的。被囊动物揭示了哺乳动物血液系统的进化。

更新日期：2018-12-01

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