Crystal lattices with tetragonal or hexagonal structure often exhibit structural transitions in response to external stimuli1. Similar behaviour is anticipated for the lattice forms of topological spin textures, such as lattices composed of merons and antimerons or skyrmions and antiskyrmions (types of vortex related to the distribution of electron spins in a magnetic field), but has yet to be verified experimentally2,3. Here we report real-space observations of spin textures in a thin plate of the chiral-lattice magnet Co8Zn9Mn3, which exhibits in-plane magnetic anisotropy. The observations demonstrate the emergence of a two-dimensional square lattice of merons and antimerons from a helical state, and its transformation into a hexagonal lattice of skyrmions in the presence of a magnetic field at room temperature. Sequential observations with decreasing temperature reveal that the topologically protected skyrmions remain robust to changes in temperature, whereas the square lattice of merons and antimerons relaxes to non-topological in-plane spin helices, highlighting the different topological stabilities of merons, antimerons and skyrmions. Our results demonstrate the rich variety of topological spin textures and their lattice forms, and should stimulate further investigation of emergent electromagnetic properties.A magnetically induced two-dimensional square lattice of merons and antimerons is observed in real space, along with its transformation into a hexagonal lattice of skyrmions at room temperature.

中文翻译：

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手性磁铁中梅隆和斯格明子拓扑自旋纹理之间的转换

具有四方或六方结构的晶格通常表现出响应外部刺激的结构转变。对于拓扑自旋纹理的晶格形式，预计会有类似的行为，例如由梅子和反子或斯格明子和反斯格明子（与磁场中电子自旋分布相关的涡旋类型）组成的晶格，但尚未通过实验验证2， 3. 在这里，我们报告了手性晶格磁体 Co8Zn9Mn3 薄板中自旋纹理的实空间观察，该磁体表现出面内磁各向异性。观察结果表明，在室温下存在磁场的情况下，从螺旋状态出现了梅子和反梅子的二维方形晶格，并转变为斯格明子的六边形晶格。随着温度降低的连续观察表明，受拓扑保护的斯格明子对温度变化保持稳健，而梅子和反子的方形晶格松弛到非拓扑平面内自旋螺旋，突出了梅子、反子和斯格明子的不同拓扑稳定性。我们的结果证明了拓扑自旋纹理及其晶格形式的丰富多样，应该激发对涌现电磁特性的进一步研究。室温下的斯格明子晶格。而merons和antimerons的方形晶格松弛到非拓扑平面内自旋螺旋，突出了meron、antimerons和skyrmions的不同拓扑稳定性。我们的结果证明了拓扑自旋纹理及其晶格形式的丰富多样，应该激发对涌现电磁特性的进一步研究。在真实空间中观察到磁感应二维方格子和反子体，以及它向六边形的转变室温下的斯格明子晶格。而merons和antimerons的方形晶格松弛到非拓扑平面内自旋螺旋，突出了meron、antimerons和skyrmions的不同拓扑稳定性。我们的结果证明了拓扑自旋纹理及其晶格形式的丰富多样，应该激发对涌现电磁特性的进一步研究。室温下的斯格明子晶格。