BACKGROUND Businesses and organizations involved in growing, distributing, and supplying food may face severe disruptions from natural and human-generated hazards, ranging from extreme weather to political unrest. Baltimore, Maryland, is developing policies to improve local food system organizations' ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disruptive events and ultimately to contribute to food system resilience. OBJECTIVES To identify factors that may be associated with organization-level food system resilience, how these factors may play out in disaster response, and how they may relate to organizations' confidence in their ability to withstand disruptive events. DESIGN Semi-structured in-depth interviews with representatives of key food system businesses and organizations identified by means of stratified purposive sampling and snowball sampling. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Representatives of 26 food system businesses and organizations in Baltimore stratified by two informant categories: organizations focused on promoting food access, such as governmental offices and nonprofits, and businesses and organizations involved in supplying and distributing food in Baltimore City, such as retailers, wholesalers, and producers. ANALYSES Interviews were analyzed using a phronetic iterative approach. RESULTS The following 10 factors that may contribute to organization-level resilience were identified: formal emergency planning; staff training; staff attendance; redundancy of food supply, food suppliers, infrastructure, location, and service providers; insurance; and post-event learning. Organizations that were larger, better resourced, and affiliated with national or government partners typically demonstrated more resilience factors compared with smaller, independent, and nonprofit organizations. CONCLUSION To ensure reliable access to safe food for all people, food system organizations must strengthen their operations to safeguard against a variety of potential threats. This study's examination of factors that contribute to resilience can help food system organizations, researchers, and government officials identify priorities for investigating vulnerabilities in diverse operations and potential strategies to improve resilience in the face of ongoing and growing threats.

中文翻译：

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城市食品供应链应对威胁粮食安全的危机的韧性：一项定性研究

背景技术涉及种植、分配和供应食物的企业和组织可能面临自然和人为危害的严重破坏，范围从极端天气到政治动荡。马里兰州巴尔的摩市正在制定政策，以提高当地粮食系统组织为破坏性事件做好准备、应对和恢复的能力，并最终为粮食系统恢复力做出贡献。目标 确定可能与组织层面粮食系统恢复力相关的因素，这些因素如何在灾害响应中发挥作用，以及它们如何与组织对其抵御破坏性事件能力的信心相关。设计 对通过分层目的抽样和滚雪球抽样确定的主要食品系统企业和组织的代表进行半结构化深度访谈。参与者/设置 巴尔的摩 26 家食品系统企业和组织的代表，分为两类：专注于促进食品获取的组织，如政府办公室和非营利组织，以及参与巴尔的摩市食品供应和分销的企业和组织，如零售商、批发商和生产商。分析 使用语音迭代方法分析访谈。结果 确定了以下 10 个可能有助于组织级弹性的因素：正式的应急计划；员工培训; 员工出勤；食品供应、食品供应商、基础设施的冗余，位置和服务提供商；保险; 和事后学习。与较小的、独立的和非营利组织相比，规模更大、资源更充足且隶属于国家或政府合作伙伴的组织通常表现出更多的弹性因素。结论 为了确保所有人都能可靠地获得安全食品，食品系统组织必须加强其运营，以防范各种潜在威胁。本研究对影响复原力的因素进行的检查可以帮助食品系统组织、研究人员和政府官员确定调查不同业务中的脆弱性的优先事项，以及在面临持续和不断增长的威胁时提高复原力的潜在策略。与较小的、独立的和非营利组织相比，规模更大、资源更充足且隶属于国家或政府合作伙伴的组织通常表现出更多的弹性因素。结论 为了确保所有人都能可靠地获得安全食品，食品系统组织必须加强其运营，以防范各种潜在威胁。本研究对影响复原力的因素进行的检查可以帮助食品系统组织、研究人员和政府官员确定调查不同业务中的脆弱性的优先事项，以及在面临持续和不断增长的威胁时提高复原力的潜在策略。与较小的、独立的和非营利组织相比，规模更大、资源更充足且隶属于国家或政府合作伙伴的组织通常表现出更多的弹性因素。结论 为了确保所有人都能可靠地获得安全食品，食品系统组织必须加强其运营，以防范各种潜在威胁。本研究对影响复原力的因素进行的检查可以帮助食品系统组织、研究人员和政府官员确定调查不同业务中的脆弱性的优先事项，以及在面临持续和不断增长的威胁时提高复原力的潜在策略。独立和非营利组织。结论 为了确保所有人都能可靠地获得安全食品，食品系统组织必须加强其运营，以防范各种潜在威胁。本研究对影响复原力的因素进行的检查可以帮助食品系统组织、研究人员和政府官员确定调查不同业务中的脆弱性的优先事项，以及在面临持续和不断增长的威胁时提高复原力的潜在策略。独立和非营利组织。结论 为了确保所有人都能可靠地获得安全食品，食品系统组织必须加强其运营，以防范各种潜在威胁。本研究对影响复原力的因素进行的检查可以帮助食品系统组织、研究人员和政府官员确定调查不同业务中的脆弱性的优先事项，以及在面临持续和不断增长的威胁时提高复原力的潜在策略。