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N‐Doped C@Zn3B2O6 as a Low Cost and Environmentally Friendly Anode Material for Na‐Ion Batteries: High Performance and New Reaction Mechanism
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-05 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805432 Sai Wang 1 , Xin-Bo Zhang 1
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-12-05 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805432 Sai Wang 1 , Xin-Bo Zhang 1
Affiliation
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Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) are ideal candidates for solving the problem of large‐scale energy storage, due to the worldwide sodium resource, but the efforts in exploring and synthesizing low‐cost and eco‐friendly anode materials with convenient technologies and low‐cost raw materials are still insufficient. Herein, with the assistance of a simple calcination method and common raw materials, the environmentally friendly and nontoxic N‐doped C@Zn3B2O6 composite is directly synthesized and proved to be a potential anode material for NIBs. The composite demonstrates a high reversible charge capacity of 446.2 mAh g−1 and a safe and suitable average voltage of 0.69 V, together with application potential in full cells (discharge capacity of 98.4 mAh g−1 and long cycle performance of 300 cycles at 1000 mA g−1). In addition, the sodium‐ion storage mechanism of N‐doped C@Zn3B2O6 is subsequently studied through air‐insulated ex situ characterizations of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and is found to be rather different from previous reports on borate anode materials for NIBs and lithium‐ion batteries. The reaction mechanism is deduced and proposed as: Zn3B2O6 + 6Na+ + 6e− ⇋ 3Zn + B2O3 ∙ 3Na2O, which indicates that the generated boracic phase is electrochemically active and participates in the later discharge/charge progress.
中文翻译：
N掺杂的C @ Zn3B2O6作为低成本和环保的钠离子电池阳极材料：高性能和新的反应机理
钠离子电池（NIB）是全球钠资源的理想选择，它是解决大规模储能问题的理想之选，但通过便利的技术和低廉的成本来探索和合成低成本且生态友好的负极材料的努力原材料成本仍然不足。在此，借助简单的煅烧方法和常用原料，可以直接合成环保且无毒的N掺杂C @ Zn 3 B 2 O 6复合材料，并被证明是潜在的NIB负极材料。该复合材料显示出446.2 mAh g -1的高可逆充电容量安全且合适的平均电压为0.69 V，以及在全电池中的应用电势（放电容量为98.4 mAh g -1，在1000 mA g -1时的长循环性能为300个循环）。此外，随后通过X射线衍射（XRD），X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线衍射的空气绝缘异位表征研究了N掺杂的C @ Zn 3 B 2 O 6的钠离子存储机理。傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱学被发现与以前有关NIB和锂离子电池硼酸阳极材料的报道大不相同。推导了反应机理，并提出：Zn 3 B 2 O 6。+ 6Na + + 6e - 3Zn + B 2 O 3 ∙3Na 2 O，表明生成的硼相具有电化学活性，并参与后来的放电/充电过程。
更新日期：2018-12-05
中文翻译：
N掺杂的C @ Zn3B2O6作为低成本和环保的钠离子电池阳极材料：高性能和新的反应机理
钠离子电池（NIB）是全球钠资源的理想选择，它是解决大规模储能问题的理想之选，但通过便利的技术和低廉的成本来探索和合成低成本且生态友好的负极材料的努力原材料成本仍然不足。在此，借助简单的煅烧方法和常用原料，可以直接合成环保且无毒的N掺杂C @ Zn 3 B 2 O 6复合材料，并被证明是潜在的NIB负极材料。该复合材料显示出446.2 mAh g -1的高可逆充电容量安全且合适的平均电压为0.69 V，以及在全电池中的应用电势（放电容量为98.4 mAh g -1，在1000 mA g -1时的长循环性能为300个循环）。此外，随后通过X射线衍射（XRD），X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线衍射的空气绝缘异位表征研究了N掺杂的C @ Zn 3 B 2 O 6的钠离子存储机理。傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱学被发现与以前有关NIB和锂离子电池硼酸阳极材料的报道大不相同。推导了反应机理，并提出：Zn 3 B 2 O 6。+ 6Na + + 6e - 3Zn + B 2 O 3 ∙3Na 2 O，表明生成的硼相具有电化学活性，并参与后来的放电/充电过程。
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