Because the application of Bisphenol A (BPA) was restricted, many substitutes, such as Bisphenol F (BPF) and Bisphenol S (BPS), were developed as BPA substitutes. Therefore, environmental impacts of BPA and its substitutes on aquatic organisms should be concerned, especially their combined toxicity. In this study, the impacts of BPA, BPF, BPS and their mixture on the feeding behavior, reproduction and physiological function of daphnids were synthetically evaluated, involving the duration and mode of exposure. In short-term exposure tests, feeding rates of D. magna decreased after exposure to BPA, BPF, BPS and their mixture, while the inhibition reversed into stimulation in the recovery period. It may benefit from overcompensation of D. magna. In long-term exposure tests, the inhibition effect on the reproduction and growth of the exposed D. magna was difficult to recover, and only some experimental groups have a certain recovery. In conclusion, environmental risk of BPA, BPF, BPS and their mixture on the behavior of D. magna increased with prolonged exposure time. Moreover, relative activities of trypsin, amylase (AMS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carbonic anhydrase (CA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and super oxidase dimutase (SOD) of the exposed daphnids decreased in most treatment groups, indicating the disorder of digestive, nervous and antioxidative system of D. magna. Interestingly, inhibition of enzymes activities decreased with the increase of the exposure time, which implied the tolerance may be occurred.

由于双酚A（BPA）的应用受到限制，因此开发了许多替代品，例如双酚F（BPF）和双酚S（BPS）作为BPA替代品。因此，应关注BPA及其替代物对水生生物的环境影响，尤其是其综合毒性。在这项研究中，综合评估了BPA，BPF，BPS及其混合物对da的摄食行为，繁殖和生理功能的影响，包括接触的持续时间和方式。在短期暴露试验，摄食率D.蚤暴露于BPA，BPF，BPS和它们的混合物之后下降，而抑制在回收期间反转为刺激。它可能得益于D. magna的过度补偿。在长期的暴露试验中，对暴露的D. magna的繁殖和生长的抑制作用很难恢复，只有一些实验组有一定的恢复。总之，随着暴露时间的延长，BPA，BPF，BPS及其混合物对D. magna行为的环境风险增加。此外，在大多数治疗组中，暴露的水蚤的胰蛋白酶，淀粉酶（AMS），乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE），碳酸酐酶（CA），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和超氧化酶二变异酶（SOD）的相对活性降低，表明消化系统疾病，神经和抗氧化系统的大型溞。有趣的是，酶活性的抑制随着暴露时间的增加而降低，这暗示可能发生耐受性。