Batteries will play critical roles in modernizing energy grids, as they will allow a greater penetration of renewable energy and perform applications that better match supply with demand. Applying storage technology is a business decision that requires potential revenues to be accurately estimated to determine the economic viability, which requires models that consider market rules and prices, along with battery and application-specific constraints. Here we use models of storage connected to the California energy grid and show how the application-governed duty cycles (power profiles) of different applications affect different battery chemistries. We reveal critical trade-offs between battery chemistries and the applicability of energy content in the battery and show that accurate revenue measurement can only be achieved if a realistic battery operation in each application is considered. The findings in this work could call for a paradigm shift in how the true economic values of energy storage devices could be assessed.

电池将在现代化的能源网格中发挥关键作用，因为它们将允许可再生能源的更大渗透，并执行能够更好地满足供需需求的应用。应用存储技术是一项业务决策，需要准确估算潜在收入以确定经济可行性，这需要考虑市场规则和价格以及电池和特定于应用程序的约束的模型。在这里，我们使用连接到加利福尼亚州能源网的存储模型，并说明不同应用的应用程序控制的占空比（功率曲线）如何影响不同的电池化学性质。我们揭示了电池化学特性与电池中能量含量的适用性之间的关键权衡，并表明只有考虑到每种应用中的实际电池操作，才能实现准确的收益衡量。这项工作中的发现可能要求在如何评估储能设备的真实经济价值方面发生范式转变。