Nanoscience has long been lauded as a method through which tumor-associated barriers could be overcome. As successful as cancer immunotherapy has been, limitations associated with the tumor microenvironment or side effects of systemic treatment have become more apparent. In this Review, we seek to lay out the therapeutic challenges associated with the tumor microenvironment and the ways in which nanoscience is being applied to remodel the tumor microenvironment and increase the susceptibility of many cancer types to immunotherapy. We detail the nanomedicines on the cutting edge of cancer immunotherapy and how their interactions with the tumor microenvironment make them more effective than systemically administered immunotherapies.

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纳米粒子介导的肿瘤微环境重塑以增强免疫治疗

长期以来，人们一直称赞纳米科学是一种可以克服与肿瘤相关的障碍的方法。像癌症免疫疗法一样成功，与肿瘤微环境或全身治疗副作用相关的局限性也变得更加明显。在这篇综述中，我们试图提出与肿瘤微环境有关的治疗挑战，以及应用纳米科学重塑肿瘤微环境并增加许多癌症类型对免疫疗法的敏感性的方法。我们详细介绍了纳米药物在癌症免疫疗法的前沿，以及它们与肿瘤微环境的相互作用如何使其比全身给药的免疫疗法更有效。