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NP220 mediates silencing of unintegrated retroviral DNA
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-28 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0750-6
Yiping Zhu 1, 2, 3 , Gary Z Wang 2, 3 , Oya Cingöz 2, 3 , Stephen P Goff 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

The entry of foreign DNA into many mammalian cell types triggers the innate immune system, a complex set of responses to prevent infection by pathogens. One aspect of the response is the potent epigenetic silencing of incoming viral DNAs1, including the extrachromosomal DNAs that are formed immediately after infection by retroviruses. These unintegrated viral DNAs are very poorly transcribed in all cells, even in permissive cells, in contrast to the robust expression that is observed after viral integration2–5. The factors that are responsible for this low expression have not yet been identified. Here we performed a genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screen for genes that are required for silencing an integrase-deficient MLV–GFP reporter virus to explore the mechanisms responsible for repression of unintegrated viral DNAs in human cells. Our screen identified the DNA-binding protein NP220, the three proteins (MPP8, TASOR and PPHLN1) that comprise the HUSH complex—which silences proviruses in heterochromatin6 and retrotransposons7,8—the histone methyltransferase SETDB1, and other host factors that are required for silencing. Further tests by chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that NP220 is the key protein that recruits the HUSH complex, SETDB1 and the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC4 to silence the unintegrated retroviral DNA. Knockout of NP220 accelerates the replication of retroviruses. These experiments identify the molecular machinery that silences extrachromosomal retroviral DNA.In mammalian cells, NP220 is a key protein that recruits the HUSH complex, SETDB1 and the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC4 to silence unintegrated retroviral DNA.

中文翻译:

NP220 介导未整合的逆转录病毒 DNA 的沉默

外源 DNA 进入许多哺乳动物细胞类型会触发先天免疫系统,这是一组防止病原体感染的复杂反应。反应的一个方面是传入病毒 DNA 的有效表观遗传沉默,包括在逆转录病毒感染后立即形成的染色体外 DNA。这些未整合的病毒 DNA 在所有细胞中的转录非常差,即使在允许的细胞中也是如此,这与病毒整合后观察到的稳健表达形成对比 2-5。导致这种低表达的因素尚未确定。在这里,我们对沉默缺乏整合酶的 MLV-GFP 报告病毒所需的基因进行了全基因组 CRISPR-Cas9 筛选,以探索抑制人类细胞中未整合病毒 DNA 的机制。我们的筛选鉴定了 DNA 结合蛋白 NP220,这三种蛋白质(MPP8、TASOR 和 PPHLN1)组成了 HUSH 复合物——它使异染色质 6 和反转录转座子 7,8 中的前病毒沉默——组蛋白甲基转移酶 SETDB1,以及其他沉默所需的宿主因子. 染色质免疫沉淀的进一步测试表明,NP220 是募集 HUSH 复合物、SETDB1 和组蛋白去乙酰化酶 HDAC1 和 HDAC4 以沉默未整合的逆转录病毒 DNA 的关键蛋白。敲除 NP220 会加速逆转录病毒的复制。这些实验确定了沉默染色体外逆转录病毒 DNA 的分子机制。在哺乳动物细胞中,NP220 是一种关键蛋白,它募集 HUSH 复合物、SETDB1 和组蛋白去乙酰化酶 HDAC1 和 HDAC4 以沉默未整合的逆转录病毒 DNA。
更新日期:2018-11-28
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