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Bismuth-tin-film electrodes for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) trace analysis
Microchemical Journal ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.036
Matjaž Finšgar , Barbara Petovar , Katja Vodopivec

Abstract The focus of this work is the novel development and validation of different in situ formed Bi-Sn-film glassy carbon electrodes (BiSnFEs) with changed Bi(III):Sn(II) mass concentration ratios (2:8, 4:6, 6:4, 8:2). These electrodes were formed from solutions with 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L total Bi(III) and Sn(II) mass concentrations – therefore, eight new electrodes were designed. BiSnFEs were compared with pure Bi-film electrodes (BiFEs) and Sn-film electrodes (SnFEs). It was shown that all electrodes tested demonstrated a high degree of selectivity for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) determination, with clearly separated stripping peaks. The widest linear concentration range for Zn(II) determination was obtained at 19.6–413.9 μg/L using an electrode with a Bi(III):Sn(II) ratio of 0.6:0.4 at 0.5 mg/L total mass concentration. For Cd(II) and Pb(II), the widest linear concentration range was measured using pure SnFE at 0.5 mg/L. Moreover, different BiSnFEs significantly increased the method's sensitivity for Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) determination compared with pure BiFEs and SnFEs. The lowest LOD values were measured using pure BiFEs; however, the LOD values were also relatively low for certain BiSnFEs. An electrode with a Bi(III):Sn(II) ratio of 0.4:0.6 at 0.5 mg/L total mass concentration (i.e. a final solution containing 0.2 mg/L Bi(III) and 0.3 mg/L Sn(II) to form an in situ electrode) demonstrated the greatest accuracy and precision for simultaneous analyte ion determination. Therefore, improved analytical performance can be obtained using BiSnFE compared to pure BiFE. This work also reports for the first time the use of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique to analyse SnFEs and BiSnFEs. The latter analysis showed that the electroanalytical system is under kinetic- and diffusion-controlled processes for SnFEs, whereas BiSnFE is under a kinetic-controlled process. A possible interference effect on the Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) stripping signals was tested for the presence of Fe(II), As(III), Na(I), K(I), Ca(II), Mg(II), Cu(II), Sb(III), and NO3− ions in the analysed solution. Finally, an analysis of tap water was performed using an electrode with a Bi(III):Sn(II) ratio of 0.4:0.6 at 0.5 mg/L total mass concentration.

中文翻译:

用于 Zn(II)、Cd(II) 和 Pb(II) 痕量分析的铋锡膜电极

摘要 这项工作的重点是不同原位形成的 Bi-Sn 膜玻璃碳电极 (BiSnFEs) 的新颖开发和验证,其具有改变的 Bi(III):Sn(II) 质量浓度比 (2:8, 4:6 , 6:4, 8:2)。这些电极由总质量浓度为 0.5 mg/L 和 1.0 mg/L 的 Bi(III) 和 Sn(II) 的溶液形成——因此,设计了八个新电极。BiSnFE 与纯 Bi 膜电极 (BiFE) 和 Sn 膜电极 (SnFE) 进行了比较。结果表明,所有测试的电极都表现出对 Zn(II)、Cd(II) 和 Pb(II) 测定的高度选择性,具有清晰分离的剥离峰。使用 Bi(III):Sn(II) 比为 0.6:0.4 的电极在 0.5 mg/L 总质量浓度下,测定 Zn(II) 的最宽线性浓度范围为 19.6–413.9 μg/L。对于 Cd(II) 和 Pb(II),最宽的线性浓度范围是使用 0.5 mg/L 的纯 SnFE 测量的。此外,与纯 BiFE 和 SnFE 相比,不同的 BiSnFE 显着提高了该方法测定 Zn(II)、Cd(II) 和 Pb(II) 的灵敏度。使用纯 BiFE 测量最低 LOD 值;然而,某些 BiSnFE 的 LOD 值也相对较低。Bi(III):Sn(II) 比为 0.4:0.6 且总质量浓度为 0.5 mg/L 的电极(即含有 0.2 mg/L Bi(III) 和 0.3 mg/L Sn(II) 的最终溶液)形成一个原位电极)证明了同时测定分析物离子的最高准确度和精密度。因此,与纯 BiFE 相比,使用 BiSnFE 可以获得更高的分析性能。这项工作还首次报告了使用电化学阻抗谱技术来分析 SnFE 和 BiSnFE。后一分析表明,对于 SnFE,电分析系统处于动力学和扩散控制过程中,而 BiSnFE 处于动力学控制过程中。针对 Fe(II)、As(III)、Na(I)、K(I)、Ca 的存在测试了对 Zn(II)、Cd(II) 和 Pb(II) 剥离信号的可能干扰影响分析溶液中的 (II)、Mg(II)、Cu(II)、Sb(III) 和 NO3− 离子。最后,使用 Bi(III):Sn(II) 比为 0.4:0.6、总质量浓度为 0.5 mg/L 的电极对自来水进行了分析。而 BiSnFE 处于动力学控制过程中。针对 Fe(II)、As(III)、Na(I)、K(I)、Ca 的存在测试了对 Zn(II)、Cd(II) 和 Pb(II) 剥离信号的可能干扰影响分析溶液中的 (II)、Mg(II)、Cu(II)、Sb(III) 和 NO3− 离子。最后,使用 Bi(III):Sn(II) 比为 0.4:0.6、总质量浓度为 0.5 mg/L 的电极对自来水进行了分析。而 BiSnFE 处于动力学控制过程中。针对 Fe(II)、As(III)、Na(I)、K(I)、Ca 的存在测试了对 Zn(II)、Cd(II) 和 Pb(II) 剥离信号的可能干扰影响分析溶液中的 (II)、Mg(II)、Cu(II)、Sb(III) 和 NO3− 离子。最后,使用 Bi(III):Sn(II) 比为 0.4:0.6、总质量浓度为 0.5 mg/L 的电极对自来水进行了分析。
更新日期:2019-03-01
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