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Observable Two-Step Nucleation Mechanism in Solid-State Formation of Tungsten Carbide
ACS Nano ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-26 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07864
Linfeng Fei 1 , Xianglai Gan 2 , Sheung Mei Ng 1 , Hui Wang 1, 2 , Ming Xu 1 , Wei Lu 1 , Yanchun Zhou 3 , Chi Wah Leung 1 , Chee-Leung Mak 1 , Yu Wang 2
Affiliation  

The nucleation of crystals from ubiquitous solid-state reactions impacts a wide range of natural and synthetic processes and is fundamental to physical and chemical synthesis. However, the microscopic organization mechanism of amorphous precursors to nanoscale clusters of ordered atoms (nucleus) in an all-solid environment is inaccessible by common experimental probes. Here, by using in situ transmission electron microscopy in combination with theoretical simulations, we show in the reactive formation of a metal carbide that nucleation actually occurs via a two-step mechanism, in which a spinodal-structured amorphous intermediate reorganizes from an amorphous precursor and precedes the emergence of a crystalline nucleus, rather than direct one-step nucleation from classical consideration. We further isolated a series of sophisticated dynamics during formation and development of the nucleus in real-space and interpreted them by thermodynamic favorability. We anticipate that such an indirect organization mechanism which contains a metastable intermedium among the free energy gap between precursors and nanocrystals has its chance in underlying most solid-state crystallizations, whereas the as-established experimental method represents a step forward in exploring fundamentals in chemical reaction, material engineering, etc.

中文翻译:

碳化钨固态形成中的可观察到的两步成核机理

来自无处不在的固态反应的晶体成核会影响广泛的自然和合成过程,并且是物理和化学合成的基础。但是,普通实验探针无法获得无定形前体在全固体环境中形成纳米级有序原子(核)簇的微观组织机制。在这里,通过结合使用原位透射电子显微镜和理论模拟,我们表明在金属碳化物的反应性形成中成核实际上是通过一种两步机制,其中旋节状结构的非晶态中间体从非晶态前体重组,并先于晶核出现,而不是从传统的角度考虑直接进行一步成核。我们进一步分离了在真实空间中原子核形成和发展过程中的一系列复杂动力学,并通过热力学偏好来解释它们。我们预计,这种在前体与纳米晶体之间的自由能间隙中包含亚稳中间介质的间接组织机制,有可能在大多数固态结晶中发挥作用,而已建立的实验方法代表了探索化学反应基本原理的一步,材料工程
更新日期:2018-11-26
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