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Sex differences in risk factors for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment & dementia.
Neurochemistry international ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.014
O J Gannon 1 , L S Robison 1 , A J Custozzo 1 , K L Zuloaga 1
Affiliation  

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is the second most common cause of dementia. While males overall appear to be at a slightly higher risk for VCID throughout most of the lifespan (up to age 85), some risk factors for VCID more adversely affect women. These include female-specific risk factors associated with pregnancy related disorders (e.g. preeclampsia), menopause, and poorly timed hormone replacement. Further, presence of certain co-morbid risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension, also may more adversely affect women than men. In contrast, some risk factors more greatly affect men, such as hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, and heart disease. Further, stroke, one of the leading risk factors for VCID, has a higher incidence in men than in women throughout much of the lifespan, though this trend is reversed at advanced ages. This review will highlight the need to take biological sex and common co-morbidities for VCID into account in both preclinical and clinical research. Given that there are currently no treatments available for VCID, it is critical that we understand how to mitigate risk factors for this devastating disease in both sexes.

中文翻译:

血管导致认知障碍和痴呆的危险因素中的性别差异。

血管对认知障碍和痴呆症(VCID)的贡献是痴呆症的第二大最常见原因。在整个生命周期的大部分时间(至85岁)中,男性总体上出现VCID的风险似乎略高,但某些VCID的风险因素对女性的不利影响更大。这些风险包括与妊娠相关疾病(例如先兆子痫),更年期和激素替代治疗不良有关的女性特异性危险因素。此外,某些合并症危险因素的存在,例如糖尿病,肥胖和高血压,也可能比男性更不利地影响女性。相反,某些危险因素对男性的影响更大,例如高脂血症,心肌梗塞和心脏病。此外,中风是VCID的主要危险因素之一,在整个生命的大部分时间中,男性的发病率均高于女性,尽管这种趋势在高龄时会逆转。这项审查将强调在临床前和临床研究中必须考虑VCID的生物学性别和常见合并症。鉴于目前尚无针对VCID的治疗方法,因此至关重要的是,我们了解如何减轻这两种破坏性疾病的风险因素。
更新日期:2018-11-22
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