Abstract The most challenging aspect in petroleum industry is high produced water accompanying crude oil extraction. In modern days, environmental attention has become very significant due to large quantity of produced water. Produced water in crude oil extraction consists of a mixture of several compounds, including inorganic, organic and other elements. The elements in produced water have a wide environmental influence and sometimes cause poisonous impact on sounded area. Meanwhile, there are several techniques to treat produced water. However, a major part of produced water is an emulsion and this leads to a major problem associated with crude oil treatment and transport. At the same time, limitations in treatment techniques for produced water have been demanding researchers to investigate on demulsification techniques for several years. Researchers also noted that there are a lot of elements influencing emulsion stability and interfacial film, including asphaltenes, resins, solid particles, water and oil content, PH, etc. However, one of the techniques that has received attention in enhanced oil recovery is a chemical method by using surface active agents (surfactant).

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石油乳化、形成、影响及破乳处理技术概述

摘要 石油工业中最具挑战性的方面是伴随原油开采的高产出水。在现代，由于大量的采出水，环境问题变得非常重要。原油提取中的采出水由多种化合物的混合物组成，包括无机、有机和其他元素。采出水中的元素具有广泛的环境影响，有时会对探测区域产生毒害。同时，有几种技术可以处理采出水。然而，采出水的主要部分是乳液，这导致与原油处理和运输相关的主要问题。同时，由于采出水处理技术的局限性，多年来一直要求研究人员对破乳技术进行研究。