Li–O₂ batteries, possessing the highest theoretical specific energy density among all known Li‐ion‐based batteries, demonstrate great potential as energy storage devices for powering electric vehicles. However, their battery performance is significantly limited by the insulating nature of the discharge product Li₂O₂, which has a wide bandgap (4–5 eV), resulting in high charge overpotential. Defect engineering of the discharge product emerges as a very promising strategy to improve the electrical conductivity and hence reduce the charge overpotential. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances and progress in understanding and controlling the defect chemistry of discharge products in Li–O₂ batteries. First, the theoretical perspectives of defects in Li₂O₂ are reviewed, with particular emphasis on defect design and engineering strategies to significantly improve the charge transport properties of Li₂O₂. Then intermediate defects in Li₂O₂ formed during the discharge and charge processes and materials with induced defects, including Li_{2− x} O₂, doped Li₂O₂, Li₂O₂ with surface/grain boundaries, and amorphous Li₂O₂, which are tailored by engineered catalysts and electrolyte additives are discussed. Finally, other alternative energy carriers for new energy storage chemistry of Li–O₂ batteries, such as lithium superoxide, lithium hydroxide, and lithium carbonate, will also be discussed.

中文翻译：

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Li-O2电池放电产物中的化学缺陷

LiO ₂电池在所有已知的基于锂离子的电池中具有最高的理论比能量密度，作为电动汽车的储能设备具有巨大的潜力。但是，它们的电池性能受到放电产物Li ₂ O ₂的绝缘性质的极大限制，该产物具有较宽的带隙（4–5 eV），从而导致高电荷超电势。放电产品的缺陷工程学是一种非常有前途的策略，可以提高电导率，从而减少电荷超电势。这篇综述的目的是强调在理解和控制Li-O ₂中放电产物的缺陷化学方面的最新进展和进展。电池。首先，回顾了Li ₂ O ₂中缺陷的理论观点，特别着重于缺陷设计和工程策略以显着改善Li ₂ O ₂的电荷传输性能。然后在放电和充电过程中形成的Li ₂ O _2中的中间缺陷以及具有诱发缺陷的材料，包括Li _{2− x} O ₂，掺杂的Li ₂ O ₂，具有表面/晶粒边界的Li ₂ O ₂以及非晶态Li ₂ O _2个 ，这是由工程催化剂和电解质添加剂量身定制的。最后，还将讨论用于Li–O ₂电池新储能化学的其他替代能源载体，例如过氧化锂，氢氧化锂和碳酸锂。