Abstract This study presents a detailed analysis of the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products of the three principal components of biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) using two different catalysts (HZSM-5 and its iron-modification, Fe-HZSM-5). The experiments were conducted in a semi-batch reactor under the same operating conditions for all feed materials. The results allow the determination of the provenance of aromatic compounds, which are essential components of bio-oil to be used as a bio-fuel. Transformation schemes have been proposed for each biomass component so as to better comprehend the formation of these aromatic compounds. BET specific surface area, BJH pore size distribution and FT-IR technologies have been used to characterise the catalysts, while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD) were used to examine the liquid and gaseous pyrolytic products. It was firstly found that HZSM-5 favoured the decarbonylation route (production of CO), whilst Fe-HZSM-5 favoured the decarboxylation one (production of CO2) for the same feed. Then, a competition was seen to arise from the presence of the catalysts: the chemical family present in majority in the oils was the one converted by the catalysts, rather than one single family. Finally, from the transformation schemes, it was seen that even though both catalysts boosted the aromatics production, HZSM-5 produced more aromatics than its iron-modification. It was also observed that HZSM-5 formed more phenols, and hence, more coke, than Fe-HZSM-5.

中文翻译：

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使用 HZSM-5 和 Fe-HZSM-5 研究纤维素、木聚糖和木质素的催化脱氧

摘要 本研究使用两种不同的催化剂（HZSM-5 及其铁改性 Fe-HZSM-5）详细分析了生物质的三种主要成分（纤维素、半纤维素和木质素）的液态和气态热解产物。对于所有进料，在相同操作条件下在半间歇式反应器中进行实验。结果可以确定芳香族化合物的来源，芳香族化合物是用作生物燃料的生物油的基本成分。已经为每个生物质组分提出了转化方案，以便更好地理解这些芳香族化合物的形成。BET 比表面积、BJH 孔径分布和 FT-IR 技术已用于表征催化剂，而气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS)、火焰离子化检测器 (GC-FID) 和热导检测器 (GC-TCD) 用于检测液态和气态热解产物。首次发现 HZSM-5 有利于脱羰路线（生产 CO），而 Fe-HZSM-5 有利于相同进料的脱羧路线（生产 CO2）。然后，发现催化剂的存在引起了竞争：油中主要存在的化学家族是由催化剂转化的化学家族，而不是单一家族。最后，从转化方案中可以看出，尽管两种催化剂都提高了芳烃产量，但 HZSM-5 比铁改性产生了更多的芳烃。还观察到，与 Fe-HZSM-5 相比，HZSM-5 形成更多的酚类，因此形成更多的焦炭。