Exploiting Nanomaterial-mediated Autophagy for Cancer Therapy.,Small Methods

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Exploiting Nanomaterial-mediated Autophagy for Cancer Therapy.
Small Methods ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-15 , DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800365
Weijun Wei _{1,

2} , Zachary T Rosenkrans ₃ , Quan-Yong Luo ₁ , Xiaoli Lan _{4,

5} , Weibo Cai _{2,

3,

6,

7}

Affiliation

Autophagy is a conserved process that is critical for sequestering and degrading proteins, damaged or aged organelles, and for maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. Despite its dichotomous role in health and diseases, autophagy usually promotes growth and progression of advanced cancers. In this context, clinical trials using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as autophagy inhibitors have suggested that autophagy inhibition is a promising approach for treating advanced malignancies and/or overcoming drug resistance of small molecule therapeutics (i.e., chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy). Efficient delivery of autophagy inhibitors may further enhance the therapeutic effect, reduce systemic toxicity, and prevent drug resistance. As such, nanocarriers-based drug delivery systems have several distinct advantages over free autophagy inhibitors that include increased circulation of the drugs, reduced off-target systemic toxicity, increased drug delivery efficiency, and increased solubility and stability of the encapsulated drugs. With their versatile drug encapsulation and surface-functionalization capabilities, nanocarriers can be engineered to deliver autophagy inhibitors to tumor sites in a context-specific and/or tissue-specific manner. This review focuses on the role of nanomaterials utilizing autophagy inhibitors for cancer therapy, with a focus on their applications in different cancer types.

中文翻译：

利用纳米材料介导的自噬进行癌症治疗。

自噬是一个保守的过程，对于隔离和降解蛋白质、受损或老化的细胞器以及在应激条件下维持细胞稳态至关重要。尽管自噬在健康和疾病中发挥着双重作用，但它通常会促进晚期癌症的生长和进展。在这种背景下，使用氯喹和羟氯喹作为自噬抑制剂的临床试验表明，自噬抑制是治疗晚期恶性肿瘤和/或克服小分子治疗（即化疗和分子靶向治疗）耐药性的一种有前途的方法。自噬抑制剂的有效递送可以进一步增强治疗效果、降低全身毒性并防止耐药性。因此，基于纳米载体的药物递送系统比游离自噬抑制剂具有几个明显的优势，包括增加药物的循环、减少脱靶全身毒性、提高药物递送效率以及增加封装药物的溶解度和稳定性。凭借其多功能的药物封装和表面功能化能力，纳米载体可以被设计为以特定环境和/或组织特定的方式将自噬抑制剂递送到肿瘤部位。本综述重点讨论纳米材料利用自噬抑制剂在癌症治疗中的作用，重点关注其在不同癌症类型中的应用。

更新日期：2018-11-15

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