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Predicting the spatial distribution of emissions from urban buses based on previously measured data and scenarios for their modernization in the future. Case study: Krakow, Poland
Atmospheric Environment ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2019-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.009
Marek Bogacki , Paulina Bździuch

Abstract This paper presents the results of research on the impact of various projected scenarios for urban bus transportation modernization in Krakow, in regards to air emissions. The research was carried out on the fleet of urban buses operating within the Krakow metropolitan area. The levels and amounts of the 16 substances were evaluated using the CORINAIR methodology. The scenarios were determined based on the data measured between 2010 and 2015 and according to the plans created by Krakow's carriers. An analysis of the plans for the urban bus fleet modernization in Krakow shows that it will have a positive influence on the reduction in particulate matter and gas emissions into the air. The implementation of the projected scenarios, which involves the replacement of old buses with modern, low or zero emission vehicles, will reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by more than 60%, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by more than 82%, carbon monoxide (CO) by nearly 52%, and particulate matter from fuel combustion (PMex) by more than 77% by 2025. Research also shows an increase N2O emissions (by almost 43%) as a result of modernization. This phenomenon is characteristic for modern engines. Moreover, introducing electric buses into a fleet contributes to the gradual reduction of benzo(a)pyrene emissions. Even though the replacement of a bus fleet is a long-term and costly process, taking such action for Krakow and the neighboring municipalities is essential to improving the air quality in that area, especially in terms of excessive concentrations of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides.

中文翻译:

根据先前测量的数据和未来现代化的情景预测城市公交车排放的空间分布。案例研究:波兰克拉科夫

摘要 本文介绍了克拉科夫城市公交交通现代化的各种预测情景对空气排放影响的研究结果。该研究是针对在克拉科夫市区内运营的城市公交车车队进行的。使用 CORINAIR 方法评估了 16 种物质的水平和数量。这些情景是根据 2010 年至 2015 年间测量的数据并根据克拉科夫航空公司制定的计划确定的。对克拉科夫城市公交车队现代化计划的分析表明,它将对减少空气中的颗粒物和气体排放产生积极影响。实施预期情景,包括用现代、低排放或零排放车辆替换旧公交车,将使氮氧化物 (NOx) 排放量减少 60% 以上、挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 排放量减少 82% 以上、一氧化碳 (CO) 排放量减少近 52%,燃料燃烧产生的颗粒物 (PMex) 排放量减少 82% 以上到 2025 年达到 77%。研究还表明,由于现代化,N2O 排放量增加(几乎 43%)。这种现象是现代发动机的特征。此外,将电动公交车引入车队有助于逐步减少苯并 (a) 芘排放。尽管更换公交车队是一个长期且成本高昂的过程,但为克拉科夫和邻近城市采取此类行动对于改善该地区的空气质量至关重要,尤其是在颗粒物和氮氧化物浓度过高方面。到 2025 年,挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 将减少 82% 以上,一氧化碳 (CO) 增加近 52%,燃料燃烧产生的颗粒物 (PMex) 增加 77% 以上。研究还表明,N2O 排放量增加了近 43 %) 作为现代化的结果。这种现象是现代发动机的特征。此外,将电动公交车引入车队有助于逐步减少苯并 (a) 芘排放。尽管更换公交车队是一个长期且成本高昂的过程,但为克拉科夫和邻近城市采取此类行动对于改善该地区的空气质量至关重要,尤其是在颗粒物和氮氧化物浓度过高方面。到 2025 年,挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 将减少 82% 以上,一氧化碳 (CO) 增加近 52%,燃料燃烧产生的颗粒物 (PMex) 增加 77% 以上。研究还表明,N2O 排放量增加了近 43 %) 作为现代化的结果。这种现象是现代发动机的特征。此外,将电动公交车引入车队有助于逐步减少苯并 (a) 芘排放。尽管更换公交车队是一个长期且成本高昂的过程,但为克拉科夫和邻近城市采取此类行动对于改善该地区的空气质量至关重要,尤其是在颗粒物和氮氧化物浓度过高方面。研究还表明,由于现代化,N2O 排放量增加(增加了近 43%)。这种现象是现代发动机的特征。此外,将电动公交车引入车队有助于逐步减少苯并 (a) 芘排放。尽管更换公交车队是一个长期且成本高昂的过程,但为克拉科夫和邻近城市采取此类行动对于改善该地区的空气质量至关重要,尤其是在颗粒物和氮氧化物浓度过高方面。研究还表明,由于现代化,N2O 排放量增加(增加了近 43%)。这种现象是现代发动机的特征。此外,将电动公交车引入车队有助于逐步减少苯并 (a) 芘排放。尽管更换公交车队是一个长期且成本高昂的过程,但为克拉科夫和邻近城市采取此类行动对于改善该地区的空气质量至关重要,尤其是在颗粒物和氮氧化物浓度过高方面。
更新日期:2019-02-01
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