BACKGROUND The role of diet in breast cancer aetiology is unclear; recent studies have suggested associations may differ by estrogen receptor status. METHODS Baseline diet was assessed in 2000-04 using a validated questionnaire in 691 571 postmenopausal UK women without previous cancer, who had not changed their diet recently. They were followed by record linkage to national cancer and death databases. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks for breast cancer for 10 food items and eight macronutrients, subdivided mostly into five categories of baseline intake. Trends in risk across the baseline categories were calculated, assigning re-measured intakes to allow for measurement error and changes in intake over time; P-values allowed for multiple testing. RESULTS Women aged 59.9 (standard deviation (SD 4.9)) years at baseline were followed for 12 (SD 3) years; 29 005 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Alcohol intake had the strongest association with breast cancer incidence: relative risk (RR) 1.08 [99% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.11] per 10 g/day higher intake, P = 5.8 × 10-14. There were inverse associations with fruit: RR 0.94 (99% CI 0.92-0.97) per 100 g/day higher intake, P = 1.1 × 10-6, and dietary fibre: RR 0.91 (99% CI 0.87-0.96) per 5 g/day increase, P = 1.1 × 10-4. Fruit and fibre intakes were correlated (ρ = 0.62) and were greater among women who were not overweight, so residual confounding cannot be excluded. There was no heterogeneity for any association by estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSIONS By far the strongest association was between alcohol intake and an increased risk of breast cancer. Of the other 17 intakes examined, higher intakes of fruit and fibre were associated with lower risks of breast cancer, but it is unclear whether or not these associations are causal.

中文翻译：

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绝经后妇女的食物、常量营养素和乳腺癌风险：英国的一个大型队列。


背景饮食在乳腺癌病因学中的作用尚不清楚。最近的研究表明，关联可能因雌激素受体状态而异。方法 2000-04 年，使用经过验证的问卷调查对 691 571 名既往未患癌症、近期未改变饮食的绝经后英国女性进行了基线饮食评估。接下来是与国家癌症和死亡数据库的记录链接。 Cox 回归得出了 10 种食品和 8 种大量营养素的乳腺癌相对风险调整后的结果，这些营养素主要分为五类基线摄入量。计算基线类别的风险趋势，分配重新测量的摄入量，以考虑测量误差和摄入量随时间的变化； P 值允许进行多次测试。结果 基线年龄为 59.9（标准差（SD 4.9））岁的女性接受了为期 12（SD 3）年的随访； 29 005 人被诊断患有浸润性乳腺癌。酒精摄入量与乳腺癌发病率的相关性最强：每天每增加 10 克酒精摄入量，相对风险 (RR) 1.08 [99% 置信区间 (CI) 1.05-1.11]，P = 5.8 × 10-14。与水果呈负相关：每增加 100 克/天的摄入量，RR 0.94 (99% CI 0.92-0.97)，P = 1.1 × 10-6，膳食纤维：每 5 克 RR 0.91 (99% CI 0.87-0.96) /天增加，P = 1.1 × 10-4。水果和纤维的摄入量是相关的（ρ = 0.62），并且在不超重的女性中摄入量更大，因此不能排除残留的混杂因素。雌激素受体状态之间的关联不存在异质性。结论 迄今为止，最强的关联是酒精摄入与乳腺癌风险增加之间。 在检查的其他 17 种摄入量中，较高的水果和纤维摄入量与较低的乳腺癌风险相关，但尚不清楚这些关联是否存在因果关系。