Single and polycrystalline tungsten samples were irradiated with 2.2 MeV protons at Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF). Hydrogen blisters were obtained for both single crystal and polycrystalline samples, elucidating the role of grain boundaries in blister formation. The effect of temperature and flux on the critical formation dose for blisters and on their dimensions was studied. It was found that for single crystals, the critical formation dose is one order of magnitude higher than for polycrystalline tungsten at high temperature irradiation conditions. Upon reducing the irradiation temperature to ambient, the critical dose for formation of blisters in single crystals was reduced by a factor of three while in polycrystalline tungsten there was no significant change with temperature, thus indicating the role of grain boundaries in blister formation. Larger blisters were obtained in single crystals than in polycrystalline tungsten at ambient temperature conditions, identifying the grain boundaries as a preferential additional hydrogen trap. The height to area ratio of the blisters is found to be strongly temperature dependent and only weakly dependent on irradiation flux for both single and polycrystalline samples.

在Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility（SARAF）处，用2.2 MeV质子辐照单晶和多晶钨样品。对于单晶和多晶样品均获得了氢水泡，阐明了晶界在水泡形成中的作用。研究了温度和通量对水疱临界形成剂量及其尺寸的影响。发现对于单晶，在高温辐射条件下，临界形成剂量比多晶钨高一个数量级。将辐照温度降低至室温后，单晶中形成气泡的临界剂量降低了三倍，而在多晶钨中，其随温度没有明显变化，因此表明晶界在水疱形成中的作用。在环境温度条件下，单晶中的气泡比多晶钨中的气泡更大，这表明晶界是优先的附加氢陷阱。对于单晶和多晶样品，发现气泡的高度与面积之比与温度密切相关，而与辐射通量仅较弱相关。