Abstract The network formation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) within an epoxy resin during curing has been in-situ visualised for the first time, with its effect on electrical, mechanical, and multifunctional properties of these nanocomposites explored. Different initial states of dispersion and filler contents were employed to examine the nanofiller network formation process. Good electrical conductivity (10−3 S/m at 0.05 wt% rGO) together with good mechanical reinforcement (12% increase in flexural modulus at 0.2 wt% rGO) were obtained at relatively low filler loadings. The integrated strain sensing capabilities based on the rGO network were explored with good sensitivity and repeatability. Joule heating was performed as a potential application for de-icing of multifunctional composite components with good heating capability from −20 °C to 20 °C within 2 min.

中文翻译：

---

石墨烯网络形成对石墨烯/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的电学、机械和多功能性能的影响

摘要 固化过程中环氧树脂内还原氧化石墨烯 (rGO) 的网络形成首次被原位可视化，并探索了其对这些纳米复合材料的电气、机械和多功能特性的影响。采用不同的初始分散状态和填料含量来检查纳米填料网络的形成过程。在相对低的填料负载量下获得了良好的导电性（0.05 wt% rGO 时为 10-3 S/m）以及良好的机械增强（0.2 wt% rGO 时弯曲模量增加 12%）。探索了基于 rGO 网络的集成应变传感能力，具有良好的灵敏度和可重复性。