As a ubiquitous solar-thermal energy conversion process, solar-driven evaporation has attracted tremendous research attention owing to its high conversion efficiency of solar energy and transformative industrial potential. In recent years, solar-driven interfacial evaporation by localization of solar-thermal energy conversion to the air/liquid interface has been proposed as a promising alternative to conventional bulk heating-based evaporation, potentially reducing thermal losses and improving energy conversion efficiency. In this Review, we discuss the development of the key components for achieving high-performance evaporation, including solar absorbers, evaporation structures, thermal insulators and thermal concentrators, and discuss how they improve the performance of the solar-driven interfacial evaporation system. We describe the possibilities for applying this efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation process for energy conversion applications. The exciting opportunities and challenges in both fundamental research and practical implementation of the solar-driven interfacial evaporation process are also discussed.

作为一种无处不在的太阳热能转化过程，太阳能驱动的蒸发由于其高的太阳能转化效率和巨大的产业潜力而备受关注。近年来，已经提出了通过将太阳热能的转化定位到空气/液体界面来进行太阳能驱动的界面蒸发，作为传统的基于散装加热的蒸发的有希望的替代方法，它有可能减少热损失并提高能量转换效率。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了实现高性能蒸发的关键组件的开发，包括太阳能吸收器，蒸发结构，热绝缘体和集中器，并讨论了它们如何改善太阳能驱动的界面蒸发系统的性能。我们描述了将这种高效的太阳能驱动界面蒸发工艺应用于能量转换应用的可能性。还讨论了太阳能驱动界面蒸发过程的基础研究和实际实施中令人兴奋的机遇和挑战。