The structural parameters and surface functionalities of hollow carbon spheres are critical for their electrochemical performance. Herein, preparation of N‐doped‐hollow carbon spheres (N‐HCS) with tunable structural parameters and surface properties is reported by using a confined pyrolysis strategy. Polystyrene/polyaniline (PSPAN) was pyrolyzed in a silica shell, which provided a confined nanospace. PSPAN functioned as both the core and a source of carbon and nitrogen. The surface properties and structural parameters of the obtained N‐HCS could be optimized by regulating the pore size of the silica shell. The silica shell coating also prevented agglomeration of the N‐HCS, leading to a regular and well‐distributed spherical morphology. The N‐HCS synthesized in relatively porous conditions had thinner shell, larger mesopore size, higher surface area, and higher nitrogen content and showed excellent electrochemical performance as a supercapacitor with a specific capacitance of 436.5 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹.

中文翻译：

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调整受限的纳米空间以制备用于高性能超级电容器的N掺杂空心碳球

中空碳球的结构参数和表面功能对其电化学性能至关重要。在本文中，通过使用受限的热解策略报告了具有可调整的结构参数和表面性质的N掺杂空心碳球（N-HCS）的制备。将聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺（PSPAN）在二氧化硅壳中热解，该二氧化硅壳提供了受限的纳米空间。PSPAN既是核心，又是碳和氮的来源。可以通过调节二氧化硅壳的孔径来优化获得的N-HCS的表面性质和结构参数。二氧化硅壳涂层还防止了N-H​​CS的团聚，从而导致规则且分布均匀的球形形态。在相对多孔条件下合成的N-HCS具有更薄的外壳，更大的中孔尺寸，^-1在0.5 A g ^-1。