Fatigue and workplace sleepiness are consequences of modern industrial society. Fatigue is a complex biological phenomenon that occurs as a function of time awake, time-of-day, workload, health, and off-duty lifestyle. Fatigue is a function of two major biological factors – the homeostatic drive for sleep and circadian rhythm of sleepiness. The greatest cause of fatigue is insufficient or disrupted sleep. Excessive sleepiness in the workplace and on highways is a serious safety hazard, and insufficient or disrupted sleep results in numerous accidents and adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Evidence-based strategies that promote better sleep and optimize work/rest schedules can mitigate the impact of fatigue and sleep loss. Proper nap and sleep scheduling, work breaks, modeling and monitoring tools, fatigue detection technologies, and pharmacological countermeasures can be implemented at home and/or in the workplace to reduce performance and safety hazards. Education about obtaining adequate sleep, the dangers of fatigue in terms of both health and cognitive consequences, and the availability of scientifically-proven sleep-enhancement and alertness-management strategies is essential.

疲劳和工作场所困倦是现代工业社会的后果。疲劳是一种复杂的生物现象，它是随着时间的清醒，时间的变化，工作量，健康状况和下班生活方式而发生的。疲劳是两个主要生物学因素的作用-睡眠的体内平衡驱动力和嗜睡的昼夜节律。疲劳的最大原因是睡眠不足或睡眠中断。工作场所和高速公路上的过度嗜睡是严重的安全隐患，睡眠不足或中断会导致许多事故以及不利的身心健康后果。促进更好的睡眠并优化工作/休息时间的循证策略可以减轻疲劳和睡眠不足的影响。适当的午睡和睡眠时间安排，工作时间，建模和监控工具，疲劳检测技术，可以在家里和/或在工作场所实施药理对策，以减少性能和安全隐患。必须进行有关获得充足睡眠，对健康和认知后果均具有疲劳危险以及经过科学验证的睡眠增强和机敏性管理策略的教育。