Recent developments in bioprinting have enabled an optimized formulation of bioinks by incorporating pharmaceuticals into cell-containing gel matrices. The proof-of-printability of a variety of forms has been provided, such as particles and fibers in the nanometric or micrometric range like dendrimers or micelles, although this is still lacking for some (liposomes for example). Resulting composite bioinks have the advantage of (i) improving cell growth and differentiation, (ii) delivering active molecules or (iii) improving mechanical properties of bioinks, printed scaffolds or the printing process. Improvement of these properties brings bioprinting one step forward toward clinical applications. Applications are reviewed for each field of improvements.

通过将药物掺入含细胞的凝胶基质中，生物印刷的最新发展已经实现了生物油墨的优化配方。已经提供了多种形式的可印刷性证明，例如纳米或微米范围内的颗粒和纤维，例如树枝状大分子或胶束，尽管某些形式（例如脂质体）仍然缺乏。所得的复合生物墨水具有以下优点：（i）改善细胞生长和分化，（ii）递送活性分子或（iii）改善生物墨水，印刷的支架或印刷过程的机械性能。这些特性的改进使生物打印技术朝着临床应用迈出了一步。审查每个改进领域的应用程序。