OBJECTIVE Recent attention to pervasive sleep deficits in US adolescents has focused on sleep patterns and insomnia, but there are limited data on the prevalence and correlates of hypersomnolence symptoms. METHOD The sample included 6,483 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age who were interviewed directly and had parent reports in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), a nationally representative sample of US youth. Information on sleep patterns/symptoms that were collected in the interview was used to determine the population prevalence of DSM-5 criterion A-defined hypersomnolence and component symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between sleepiness and sub-symptoms of hypersomnolence with weekday/weekend bedtime, sleep duration, mental disorders, and psychotropic medication use. RESULTS Of the sample, 41.5% reported feeling sleepy during the daytime and 11.7% met criteria for hypersomnolence. The prevalence of hypersomnolence varied depending on age (p < .001) and was more common in adolescent girls (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.78). Excessive sleepiness and hypersomnolence symptoms were associated with shorter sleep duration and delayed bedtimes on weekdays and weekends Hypersomnolence was significantly associated with insomnia (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.87-3.21) and mental disorders (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.42-2.77). After accounting for insomnia, hypersomnolence was no longer associated with use of psychotropic medication (OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.97-2.66). CONCLUSION Of adolescents with adequate sleep duration, 11.7% still reported symptoms of hypersomnolence. The strong association between hypersomnolence and insomnia suggests that sleep disorders in adolescents can fluctuate between over- and under-sleeping. Potential mechanisms underpinning the strong associations between sleep disturbances and mental disorders should be further pursued and could provide insight into prevention efforts.

中文翻译：

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在美国青少年中，高睡觉症状的患病率和相关性。

目的最近对美国青少年普遍性睡眠不足的关注集中在睡眠方式和失眠，但关于高睡觉症状的患病率和相关性的数据有限。方法该样本包括6,483名13至18岁的青少年，他们直接接受了采访，并在美国国家代表样本中的全国合并症调查复制青少年补编（NCS-A）中作了父母报告。访谈中收集的有关睡眠模式/症状的信息用于确定DSM-5标准A定义的过睡和成分症状的人群患病率。使用Logistic回归分析来检查嗜睡和过度睡眠的亚症状与工作日/周末就寝时间，睡眠时间，精神障碍和精神药物的使用之间的关联。结果在样本中，有41.5％的人报告白天感到困倦，而有11.7％的人有睡过觉的标准。高睡眠感的患病率随年龄的变化而变化（p <.001），并且在青春期女孩中更为普遍（优势比[OR] 1.40，95％CI 1.09-1.78）。过度的嗜睡和睡眠过强症状与睡眠时间短以及在工作日和周末的就寝时间延迟有关。睡眠过强与失眠（OR 2.45，95％CI 1.87-3.21）和精神障碍（OR 1.99，95％CI 1.42-2.77）显着相关。在考虑了失眠之后，高嗜睡症不再与使用精神药物相关（OR 1.61，95％CI 0.97-2.66）。结论在睡眠时间充足的青少年中，仍有11.7％的患者出现高睡觉症状。高睡眠与失眠之间的密切联系表明，青少年的睡眠障碍会在睡眠过度和睡眠不足之间波动。应当进一步探索潜在的机制，以支持睡眠障碍和精神障碍之间的紧密联系，并可以为预防工作提供见识。