Abstract We collated data on the latitudinal, elevation and seasonality ranges, local densities, stature and dispersal mode of 514 evergreen tree species (≥10 cm girth at breast height), including 317 endemics, from the rain forests of the Western Ghats (WG) of India using two complementary databases, (i) 68 tree inventory plots, and (ii) the Atlas of Endemics. We tested the hypotheses that (i) regional rarity would be associated with local rarity and narrower ecological amplitudes, (ii) shorter and mechanically dispersed trees would be rarer, (iii) higher proportion of endemic species would be rare (iv) regionally wide ranging species would be locally rare, and localised species would be denser, (v) families with single species would be relicts in this biome, (vi) larger families would have a higher proportion of rare and endemic species. We used Atlas records in a generalised least square model acknowledging phylogenetic relationships, to test hypotheses (i) to (ii), and non parametric tests for (iii) to (vi). We identified rare species using binary cut-offs and compared these with IUCN threat status. Rarity was associated with (i) narrower ecological amplitudes and shorter stature, independent of phylogeny, (ii) 18 wide ranging and locally sparse, 41 narrow ranging and locally dense species, (iii) relict species and families, (iv) larger families. Rare species were more likely to be threatened, but 39% were not evaluated. We identified zones of rare endemics to help with conservation planning. The WG rain forests have a unique evolutionary history and potential that require increased conservation measures.

中文翻译：

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印度西高止山脉雨林树木的多方面稀有性

摘要 我们整理了来自西高止山脉 (WG) 雨林的 514 种常绿树种（胸高≥10 厘米）的纬度、海拔和季节性范围、局部密度、身高和扩散模式的数据，其中包括 317 种特有树种。印度使用两个互补数据库，(i) 68 个树木清单图，和 (ii) 地方病图集。我们检验了以下假设：(i) 区域稀有性与当地稀有性和更窄的生态幅度相关，(ii) 较短和机械分散的树木将更稀有，(iii) 较高比例的地方物种稀有 (iv) 区域范围广物种将在当地稀有，而本地物种将更密集，(v) 具有单一物种的科将成为该生物群落中的遗存，(vi) 更大的科将拥有更高比例的稀有和特有物种。我们在承认系统发育关系的广义最小二乘模型中使用了 Atlas 记录，以检验假设 (i) 到 (ii) 以及 (iii) 到 (vi) 的非参数检验。我们使用二元临界值确定了稀有物种，并将这些与 IUCN 威胁状态进行了比较。稀有性与 (i) 较窄的生态幅度和较短的身材有关，与系统发育无关，(ii) 18 个范围广泛且局部稀疏的物种，41 个范围狭窄且局部密集的物种，(iii) 遗存物种和科，(iv) 较大的科。稀有物种更有可能受到威胁，但 39% 的物种未被评估。我们确定了罕见的地方性流行区，以帮助进行保护规划。WG 雨林具有独特的进化历史和潜力，需要加强保护措施。