Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent, lead to considerable patient morbidity, incur large financial costs to health-care systems and are one of the most common reasons for antibiotic use worldwide. The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance means that the search for nonantibiotic alternatives for the treatment and prevention of UTI is of critical importance. Potential nonantibiotic measures and treatments for UTIs include behavioural changes, dietary supplementation (such as Chinese herbal medicines and cranberry products), NSAIDs, probiotics, d-mannose, methenamine hippurate, estrogens, intravesical glycosaminoglycans, immunostimulants, vaccines and inoculation with less-pathogenic bacteria. Some of the results of trials of these approaches are promising; however, high-level evidence is required before firm recommendations for their use can be made. A combination of these agents might provide the optimal treatment to reduce recurrent UTI, and trials in specific population groups are required.

尿路感染（UTI）非常普遍，导致相当大的患者发病率，给医疗保健系统带来了沉重的经济负担，并且是全世界使用抗生素的最常见原因之一。日益增长的抗菌素耐药性问题意味着寻找非抗生素替代品来治疗和预防UTI至关重要。尿路感染的潜在非抗生素措施和治疗包括行为改变，饮食补充（例如中草药和蔓越莓产品），非甾体抗炎药，益生菌，d-甘露糖，马来酸二甲基苯胺，雌激素，膀胱内糖胺聚糖，免疫刺激剂，疫苗和病原性较低的细菌接种。这些方法的一些试验结果令人鼓舞；但是，在提出可靠的使用建议之前，需要高级证据。这些药物的组合可能提供减少复发性UTI的最佳治疗方法，因此需要在特定人群中进行试验。