Depressive disorder accounts for a substantial proportion of psychiatric problems across the globe and has a devastating impact on quality of life and occupational function. Psychological models of depression emphasize the causal role of cognitive distortions in this disease, and cognitive problems have been included in the diagnostic criteria for depressive episodes. Here, we focus on recent progress in preclinical modelling of aberrations in one of the most important neurocognitive mechanisms involved in the manifestation of depression – abnormal sensitivity to positive and negative feedback. First, we summarize the recent advances in understanding neurocognitive mechanisms of aberrant feedback sensitivity in depression and underlying neurobiological substrates. Second, by combining behavioural, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and pharmacological approaches, we evaluate the translational value of the probabilistic reversal-learning (PRL) task, a behavioural paradigm that enables investigation of correlates of feedback sensitivity in humans and animals. Finally, we identify and discuss directions for future investigation, including cognitive biomarkers of depression and resilience to stress based on feedback sensitivity and personalized treatment targets.

抑郁症在全球范围内占很大比例的精神疾病，对生活质量和职业功能具有毁灭性影响。抑郁症的心理学模型强调了认知失真在这种疾病中的因果作用，并且认知问题已被纳入抑郁发作的诊断标准中。在此，我们重点关注与抑郁症表现有关的最重要的神经认知机制之一-畸变的临床前模拟研究的最新进展-对正反馈和负反馈的异常敏感性。首先，我们总结了了解抑郁症和潜在的神经生物学底物中异常反馈敏感性的神经认知机制的最新进展。其次，通过结合行为，神经化学，神经解剖学和药理学方法，我们评估了概率逆向学习（PRL）任务的翻译价值，该任务是一种行为范式，可用于研究人和动物的反馈敏感性相关性。最后，我们确定并讨论未来的研究方向，包括基于反馈敏感性和个性化治疗目标的抑郁和对压力的适应性的认知生物标志物。