SnO₂ is an appealing anode material for lithium ion batteries. Advantages of SnO₂ includes relatively low charge-discharge plateau and highly abundance in nature. However, the volume change (300%) is significant and critically impeding its cycle life. In this manuscript, we address these problems by exploiting an in-situ redox process to prepare graphene encapsulated SnO₂ nanoparticles using soluble Sn²⁺ as the Sn precursor, which is oxidized to SnO₂ by using graphene oxide. This method affords graphene @ SnO₂ via oxygen bridging through of SnO₂ nanoparticles. Furthermore, this method incorporates Fe atom into the SnO₂ structure in-situ to create Fe_xSn_1-xO₂ structure, which exhibits higher Li storage capacity. Our synthetic approach delivers graphene encapsulated Fe_xSn_1-xO₂ structure, which is located on flexible carbonaceous fibers, and the whole system can be applied as lithium-ion batteries anode without any need of a current collector or binder polymer. This novel Sn based electrode could deliver a high capacity (calculate total electrode mass) of 454.3 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹ (65.1% retention). Unlike most contemporary technologies, increasing the thickness of our Sn based electrode simply increases the capacity proportionally. The areal capacity is 1348.3 μAh cm⁻², and it is simply doubled to 2856.1 μAh cm⁻² while we double the thickness of electrode.

SnO ₂是用于锂离子电池的有吸引力的负极材料。SnO _2的优点包括相对较低的充放电平稳期和​​高度自然的丰度。但是，体积变化（300％）很大，严重影响了其循环寿命。在本手稿中，我们通过利用可溶Sn ²⁺作为Sn前驱物，利用氧化石墨烯将其氧化成SnO ₂的原位氧化还原工艺来制备石墨烯包封的SnO ₂纳米颗粒，从而解决了这些问题。此方法得到的石墨烯@的SnO ₂经由氧通过的SnO桥接₂纳米颗粒。而且，该方法将Fe原子结合到SnO _2中原位生成Fe _x Sn _1-x O ₂结构，从而显示出更高的锂存储容量。我们的合成方法提供了石墨烯封装的Fe _x Sn _1-x O ₂结构，该结构位于柔性碳纤维上，整个系统可以用作锂离子电池阳极，而无需集电器或粘合剂聚合物。这种新颖的锡基电极在100 mA g ^-1下经过200次循环后可以提供454.3 mAh g ^-1的高容量（计算总电极质量）（保留率65.1％）。与大多数现代技术不同，增加我们的锡基电极的厚度只会按比例增加容量。面积容量为1348.3μAhcm ^-2，而当我们将电极厚度增加一倍时，其面积仅增加了一倍，达到2856.1μAhcm ^-2。