Photoelectrochemical water splitting (PEC) has emerged as an important strategy for the generation of low cost, highly efficient and sustainable hydrogen fuel. However, improvement in PEC water splitting is facing several challenges such as limited harvesting of solar light, slow charge separation rate and fast carriers recombination. Our study focuses on the brief description of PEC water splitting principle, basic working mechanism and different materials for photoanodes such as carbon and its composites, transition metals, nanomaterials and nanostructures to overcome the challenges to an extent. Numerous strategies have been discussed to investigate the performance of PEC water splitting. This work emphasized on the recent progress for sustainable hydrogen production through PEC water splitting. These photoanodic materials are good contender in future water splitting applications and enhance the overall photocurrent generation and hydrogen evolution efficiency.

光电化学水分解（PEC）已成为一种重要的战略，可用于生产低成本，高效和可持续的氢燃料。然而，PEC水分解的改进面临着若干挑战，例如有限的太阳光收集，缓慢的电荷分离速率和快速的载流子复合。我们的研究重点是简要介绍PEC的水分解原理，基本工作机理以及光阳极的不同材料，例如碳及其复合材料，过渡金属，纳米材料和纳米结构，以在一定程度上克服挑战。已经讨论了许多策略来研究PEC水分解的性能。这项工作强调了通过PEC分解水可持续制氢的最新进展。