Background

Increasing evidence suggests that exposure to residential greenness is associated with positive health outcomes among urban populations. However, few studies have considered effects on adiposity development in a longitudinal setting.

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the association between long-term exposure to urban residential greenness and markers of adiposity.

Methods

A cohort of 5126 adults from five municipalities in Stockholm County was examined clinically at baseline (1992–1998) and follow-up (2002–2006) after on average nine years. Time-weighted average exposure to urban greenness was estimated by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 100 m, 250 m, and 500 m buffers around the residential addresses of each participant. Multiple linear and Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between greenness and change in weight and waist circumference as well as risk of overweight, obesity and central obesity. Co-exposures to air pollution, traffic noise and distance to water were also examined.

Results

In women, higher levels of residential greenness were associated with a reduced increase in waist circumference during follow-up (β = −0.11 cm/year, 95% CI −0.14; −0.08 per one interquartile range increase in NDVI) and decreased risk for central obesity (IRR = 0.88: 95% CI 0.79; 0.99) in the 500 m buffer. No associations were observed for men or with regard to weight development or the risk of developing overweight or obesity. Exposure to low NDVI levels in combination with high NO_x from road traffic and transportation noise as well as long distance to water rendered statistically significant increases in waist circumference in both sexes.

Conclusion

Higher long-term exposure to greenness was associated with a reduced increase in waist circumference and lower risk of central adiposity in women but not in men. In both sexes, low NDVI exposure in combination with other environmental risk factors appeared particularly harmful.

中文翻译：

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城市住宅的绿色和肥胖：斯德哥尔摩县的一项队列研究

背景

越来越多的证据表明，暴露于住宅的绿色环境与城市人口的积极健康状况有关。但是，很少有研究考虑纵向条件对肥胖发展的影响。

目标

这项研究旨在探讨长期暴露于城市住宅绿色与肥胖标志物之间的关系。

方法

在基线（1992-1998年）和平均9年后的随访（2002-2006年）中对来自斯德哥尔摩县5个城市的5126名成年人进行了临床检查。通过每个参与者居住地周围100 m，250 m和500 m缓冲区内的归一化植被指数（NDVI）估算了城市绿化的时间加权平均暴露量。多元线性和泊松回归模型用于估计绿色与体重和腰围变化以及超重，肥胖和中枢性肥胖风险之间的关联。还检查了空气污染，交通噪声和距离水的共同接触。

结果

在女性中，较高的居住区绿度与随访期间腰围增加的减少相关（β= -0.11 cm /年，95％CI -0.14； -NDVI每增加一个四分位距就增加-0.08），并且患病风险降低。 500 m缓冲液中的中型肥胖（IRR = 0.88：95％CI 0.79; 0.99）。男性，体重增加或超重或肥胖的风险均无相关性。暴露于高NO组合低NDVI水平_X从道路交通运输噪声以及在两种性别中呈现腰围统计学显著增加水长的距离。

结论

长期较高的绿度暴露与减少腰围增加和降低女性中央肥胖风险有关，而与男性无关。在男女中，低NDVI暴露与其他环境风险因素共同作用似乎特别有害。