Graphene-based nanomaterials have emerged as a novel type of materials with exceptional physicochemical properties and numerous applications in various areas. In this review, we summarize recent advances in studying interactions between graphene and biosystems. We first provide a brief introduction on graphene and its derivatives, and then discuss on the toxicology and biocompatibility of graphene, including the extracellular interactions between graphene and biomacromolecules, cellular studies of graphene, and in vivo toxicological effects. Next, we focus on various graphene-based practical applications in antibacterial materials, wound addressing, drug delivery, and water purification. We finally present perspectives on challenges and future developments in these exciting fields.

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石墨烯基纳米材料已经成为一种新型的材料，具有出色的理化特性，并在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了研究石墨烯与生物系统之间相互作用的最新进展。我们首先简要介绍石墨烯及其衍生物，然后讨论石墨烯的毒理学和生物相容性，包括石墨烯与生物大分子之间的细胞外相互作用，石墨烯的细胞研究以及体内毒理学作用。接下来，我们专注于在抗菌材料，伤口处理，药物输送和水净化方面的各种基于石墨烯的实际应用。我们最终提出了关于这些令人兴奋的领域中的挑战和未来发展的观点。

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