Polymer vesicles, also known as polymersomes, have garnered a lot of interest even before the first report of their fabrication in the mid‐1990s. These capsules have found applications in areas such as drug delivery, diagnostics and cellular models, and are made via the self‐assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers, predominantly with soft, rubbery hydrophobic segments. Comparatively, and despite their remarkable impermeability, glassy polymersomes (GPs) have been less pervasive due to their rigidity, lack of biodegradability and more restricted fabrication strategies. GPs are now becoming more prominent, thanks to their ability to undergo stable shape‐change (e.g., into non‐spherical morphologies) as a response to a predetermined trigger (e.g., light, solvent). The basics of block copolymer self‐assembly with an emphasis on polymersomes and GPs in particular are reviewed here. The principles and advantages of shape transformation of GPs as well as their general usefulness are also discussed, together with some of the challenges and opportunities currently facing this area.

中文翻译：

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Polymersomes：打破玻璃天花板了吗？

甚至在1990年代中期首次报道其制造之前，聚合物囊泡也被称为聚合物囊泡。这些胶囊已在药物递送，诊断和细胞模型等领域得到应用，并通过两亲性嵌段共聚物的自组装制成，主要是具有柔软的橡胶状疏水链段。相比之下，尽管玻璃态聚合物囊泡（GPs）具有显着的不可渗透性，但它们的刚性，缺乏生物降解性和更严格的制造策略，因此普及程度较低。现在，由于对预定触发（例如光，溶剂）的响应，GP能够进行稳定的形状变化（例如，变为非球形形态），因此GP变得越来越突出。此处重点介绍了嵌段共聚物自组装的基础知识，尤其着重于聚合物小体和GP。还讨论了GP的形状转换的原理和优点，以及它们的一般用途，以及该领域当前面临的一些挑战和机遇。