The purpose of this review is to illustrate the importance of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors in the complexity of the behavioral and neurochemical adaptations that occur following chronic treatments with drugs of abuse, with a focus on opioids and psychostimulants. As these neuroadaptations are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis and persistence of addiction, it is important to well understand how they can be modulated. The experimental results clearly show that changes observed are depending on the binding properties of the ligands, drug administration patterns, brain structures considered, and withdrawal periods. Thus, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic factors play a key role, and may highly contribute to the great heterogeneity of the results reported in the literature regarding neuroadaptations observed following repeated treatments with drugs of abuse, each investigator using different protocols and/or different ligands, even if their targets/receptors are the same.

中文翻译：

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药代动力学和药效学参数在滥用药物引起的神经适应中的作用，重点是阿片类药物和精神刺激药。

这篇综述的目的是说明药物动力学和药代动力学因素在滥用药物进行长期治疗后发生的行为和神经化学适应的复杂性中的重要性，重点是阿片类药物和精神兴奋剂。由于这些神经适应被认为会导致成瘾的发病机理和持久性，因此，重要的是要充分了解如何调节它们。实验结果清楚地表明，观察到的变化取决于配体的结合特性，给药方式，所考虑的大脑结构和停药期。因此，药效和药代动力学因素起着关键作用，