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Investigating the BECCS resource nexus: delivering sustainable negative emissions
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-16 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8ee01676c
Mathilde Fajardy 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Solene Chiquier 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Niall Mac Dowell 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and other negative emissions technologies (NETs), are integral to all scenarios consistent with meeting global climate ambitions. BECCS's ability to promptly remove CO2 from the atmosphere in a resource efficient manner, whilst being a net energy generator to the global economy, remains controversial. Given the large range of potential outcomes, it is crucial to understand how, if at all, this technology can be deployed in a way which minimises its impact on natural resources and ecosystems, while maximising both carbon removal and power generation. In this study, we present a series of thought experiments, using the Modelling and Optimisation of Negative Emissions Technologies (MONET) framework, to provide insight into the combinations of biomass feedstock, origin, land type, and transport route, to meet a given CO2 removal target. The optimal structure of an international BECCS supply chain was found to vary both quantitatively and qualitatively as the focus shifted from conserving water, land or biomass, to maximising energy generated, with the water use in particular increasing threefold in the land and biomass use minimisation scenario, as compared to the water minimisation scenario. In meeting regional targets, imported biomass was consistently chosen over indigenous biomass in the land and water minimisation scenarios, confirming the dominance of factors such as yield, electricity grid carbon intensity, and precipitation, over transport distance. A pareto-front analysis was performed and, in addition to highlighting the strong trade-offs between BECCS resource efficiency objectives, indicated the potential for tipping points. An analysis of the sensitivity to the availability of marginal land and agricultural residues showed that (1) the availability of agricultural residues had a great impact on BECCS land, and that (2) water use and land use change, two critical sustainability indicators for BECCS, were negatively correlated. Finally, we showed that maximising energy production increased water use and land use fivefold, and land use change by two orders of magnitude. It is therefore likely that an exclusive focus on energy generation and CO2 removal can result in negative consequences for the broader environment. In spite of these strong trade-offs however, it was found that BECCS could meet its electricity production objective without compromising estimated safe land use boundaries. Provided that the right choices are made along BECCS value chain, BECCS can be deployed in a way that both satisfies its resource efficiency and technical performance objectives.

中文翻译:

研究BECCS资源关系:提供可持续的负排放

带有碳捕集与封存(BECCS)的生物能源以及其他负排放技术(NETs),对于满足全球气候目标的所有方案都是不可或缺的。BECCS迅速清除CO 2的能力以有效利用资源的方式从大气中获取能量,同时又是全球经济的净能源产生者,仍然存在争议。鉴于潜在结果的范围广泛,因此至关重要的是,要理解如何以某种方式部署该技术,以最大程度地减少其对自然资源和生态系统的影响,同时最大程度地减少碳排放和发电。在这项研究中,我们使用负排放技术的建模和优化(MONET)框架提出了一系列思想实验,以深入了解生物质原料,来源,土地类型和运输路线的组合,从而满足给定的CO 2个清除目标。发现国际BECCS供应链的最佳结构在数量和质量上都发生了变化,因为重点从节约用水,土地或生物质转移到了最大程度地产生能源,尤其是土地用水量减少了三倍,而生物质使用量最小化的情况也是如此。 ,与水量最小化方案相比。为了实现区域目标,在最小化土地和水资源的情况下,始终选择进口生物质代替本地生物质,从而确定了在运输距离上诸如产量,电网碳强度和降水等因素的主导地位。进行了前线分析,除了强调了BECCS资源效率目标之间的重大权衡之外,还指出了引爆点的潜力。对边际土地和农业残留物可用性的敏感性分析表明:(1)农业残留物可用性对BECCS土地有很大影响;(2)用水和土地利用变化是BECCS的两个关键可持续性指标呈负相关。最后,我们表明,最大限度地提高能源生产量使水资源和土地利用增加了五倍,土地利用变化了两个数量级。因此,有可能完全专注于能源生产和一氧化碳 我们的研究表明,最大限度地提高能源产量可以使水资源和土地利用增加五倍,土地利用变化可以达到两个数量级。因此,有可能完全专注于能源生产和一氧化碳 我们的研究表明,最大限度地提高能源产量可以使水资源和土地利用增加五倍,土地利用变化可以达到两个数量级。因此,有可能完全专注于能源生产和一氧化碳2移除可能会对更广泛的环境造成负面影响。然而,尽管进行了这些很大的折衷,但发现BECCS可以在不损害估计的安全土地使用范围的前提下实现其电力生产目标。只要沿着BECCS价值链做出正确的选择,就可以以既满足其资源效率又满足技术性能目标的方式来部署BECCS。
更新日期:2018-10-16
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