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Susceptibility of the cerebral cortex to spreading depolarization in neurological disease states: The impact of aging.
Neurochemistry international ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.010
Péter Hertelendy 1 , Dániel P Varga 2 , Ákos Menyhárt 2 , Ferenc Bari 2 , Eszter Farkas 2
Affiliation  

Secondary injury following acute brain insults significantly contributes to poorer neurological outcome. The spontaneous, recurrent occurrence of spreading depolarization events (SD) has been recognized as a potent secondary injury mechanism in subarachnoid hemorrhage, malignant ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. In addition, SD is the underlying mechanism of the aura symptoms of migraineurs. The susceptibility of the nervous tissue to SD is subject to the metabolic status of the tissue, the ionic composition of the extracellular space, and the functional status of ion pumps, voltage-gated and other cation channels, glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters. All these mechanisms tune the excitability of the nervous tissue. Aging has also been found to alter SD susceptibility, which appears to be highest at young adulthood, and decline over the aging process. The lower susceptibility of the cerebral gray matter to SD in the old brain may be caused by the age-related impairment of mechanisms implicated in ion translocations between the intra- and extracellular compartments, glutamate signaling and surplus potassium and glutamate clearance. Even though the aging nervous tissue is thus less able to sustain SD, the consequences of SD recurrence in the old brain have proven to be graver, possibly leading to accelerated lesion maturation. Taken that recurrent SDs may pose an increased burden in the aging injured brain, the benefit of therapeutic approaches to restrict SD generation and propagation may be particularly relevant for elderly patients.

中文翻译:

在神经疾病中,大脑皮层对去极化的易感性:衰老的影响。

急性脑损伤后的继发性损伤明显导致较差的神经学预后。自发性反复发作的去极化事件(SD)被认为是蛛网膜下腔出血,恶性缺血性中风和颅脑外伤的有效继发性损伤机制。此外,SD是偏头痛先兆症状的潜在机制。神经组织对SD的敏感性取决于组织的代谢状态,细胞外空间的离子组成以及离子泵,电压门控和其他阳离子通道,谷氨酸受体和兴奋性氨基酸转运蛋白的功能状态。所有这些机制调节神经组织的兴奋性。还发现衰老会改变SD的易感性,在成年后这似乎是最高的,并在衰老过程中下降。老龄人大脑中脑灰质对SD的敏感性较低,可能是由于与年龄相关的机制受损所致,这些机制与细胞内和细胞外区室之间的离子易位,谷氨酸信号传导以及过剩的钾和谷氨酸清除率有关。即使衰老的神经组织因此无法维持SD,但已证明SD大脑在旧脑中复发的后果更为严重,可能导致病变成熟加速。鉴于SD的反复发作可能会在受伤的大脑老化中增加负担,因此,限制SD产生和传播的治疗方法的益处可能与老年患者特别相关。老龄人大脑中脑灰质对SD的敏感性较低,可能是由于与年龄相关的机制受损所致,这些机制与细胞内和细胞外区室之间的离子易位,谷氨酸信号传导以及过剩的钾和谷氨酸清除率有关。即使衰老的神经组织因此无法维持SD,但已证明旧大脑中SD复发的后果更为严重,可能导致病变成熟加速。鉴于SD的反复发作可能会在受伤的大脑老化中增加负担,因此,限制SD产生和传播的治疗方法的益处可能与老年患者特别相关。老龄人大脑中脑灰质对SD的敏感性较低,可能是由于与年龄有关的机制受损所致,这些机制与细胞内和细胞外区室之间的离子易位,谷氨酸信号传导以及过剩的钾和谷氨酸清除率有关。即使衰老的神经组织因此无法维持SD,但已证明SD大脑在旧脑中复发的后果更为严重,可能导致病变成熟加速。鉴于SD的反复发作可能会在受伤的大脑老化中增加负担,因此,限制SD产生和传播的治疗方法的益处可能与老年患者特别相关。谷氨酸信号和多余的钾和谷氨酸清除率。即使衰老的神经组织因此无法维持SD,但已证明SD大脑在旧脑中复发的后果更为严重,可能导致病变成熟加速。鉴于SD的反复发作可能会在受伤的大脑老化中增加负担,因此,限制SD产生和传播的治疗方法的益处可能与老年患者特别相关。谷氨酸信号和多余的钾和谷氨酸清除率。即使衰老的神经组织因此无法维持SD,但已证明SD大脑在旧脑中复发的后果更为严重,可能导致病变成熟加速。鉴于SD的反复发作可能会在受伤的大脑老化中增加负担,因此,限制SD产生和传播的治疗方法的益处可能与老年患者特别相关。
更新日期:2018-10-15
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