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Mechanism of Radical Initiation in the Radical S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Superfamily
Accounts of Chemical Research ( IF 16.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-15 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00356
William E Broderick 1 , Brian M Hoffman 2 , Joan B Broderick 1
Affiliation  

The seeds for recognition of the vast superfamily of radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) enzymes were sown in the 1960s, when Joachim Knappe found that the dissimilation of pyruvate was dependent on SAM and Fe(II), and Barker and co-workers made similar observations for lysine 2,3-aminomutase. These intriguing observations, coupled with the evidence that SAM and Fe were cofactors in radical catalysis by these enzyme systems, drew us in the 1990s to explore how Fe(II) and SAM initiate radical reactions. Our early work focused on the same enzyme Knappe had originally characterized: the pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme (PFL-AE). Our discovery of an iron–sulfur cluster in this enzyme, together with similar findings for other SAM-dependent enzymes at the time, led to the recognition of an emerging class of enzymes that use iron–sulfur clusters to cleave SAM, liberating the 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (5′-dAdo•) that initiates radical reactions. A major bioinformatics study by Heidi Sofia and co-workers identified the enzyme superfamily denoted Radical SAM, now known to span all kingdoms of life with more than 100,000 unique sequences encoding enzymes that catalyze remarkably diverse reactions.

中文翻译:

自由基 S-腺苷-l-甲硫氨酸超家族中自由基引发的机制

用于识别自由基S -腺苷- l的庞大超家族的种子甲硫氨酸 (SAM) 酶在 1960 年代问世,当时 Joachim Knappe 发现丙酮酸的异化作用依赖于 SAM 和 Fe(II),而 Barker 和同事对赖氨酸 2,3-氨基变位酶也进行了类似观察。这些有趣的观察,加上 SAM 和 Fe 是这些酶系统自由基催化的辅因子的证据,促使我们在 1990 年代探索 Fe(II) 和 SAM 如何引发自由基反应。我们早期的工作集中在 Knappe 最初表征的同一种酶上:丙酮酸甲酸裂解酶激活酶 (PFL-AE)。我们在这种酶中发现了一个铁硫簇,连同当时对其他 SAM 依赖性酶的类似发现,导致人们认识到一类新兴的酶,它们使用铁硫簇来切割 SAM,释放引发自由基反应的 5'-脱氧腺苷自由基 (5'-dAdo•)。Heidi Sofia 及其同事进行的一项重要生物信息学研究确定了称为 Radical SAM 的酶超家族,现在已知它跨越生命的所有王国,具有超过 100,000 个编码酶的独特序列,这些酶可催化非常不同的反应。
更新日期:2018-10-15
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