Carbonized bamboo‐derived carbon nanodots (CNDs) as efficient additives for application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are reported. These carboxylic acid‐ and hydroxyl‐rich CNDs interact with the perovskite through hydrogen bonds and, thereby, promote the carriers' lifetimes and realize high‐performance p–i–n PSCs having the structure indium tin oxide/NiO_x/CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPbI₃)/PC₆₁BM/BCP/Ag. As a result of interactions between the CNDs and the perovskite, the presence of the nonvolatile CND additive increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC from 14.48% ± 0.39% to 16.47% ± 0.26%. Furthermore, adding urea, a Lewis base, increases the PCE to 20.2%—the result of a significant increase in the crystal size and a lower content of grain boundary defects and, therefore, longer carrier lifetimes. Cells containing these two additives (without encapsulation) exhibit excellent shelf‐life and air‐stability, maintaining their high PCEs after storage in air—at a temperature of 25 °C and a humidity of 40%—for over 500 h. This performance is among of the best ever reported for p–i–n PSC devices incorporating carbon‐based additives.

中文翻译：

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碳纳米点添加剂可实现高性能，空气稳定的p–i–n钙钛矿太阳能电池，效率高达20.2％

据报道，碳化竹衍生的碳纳米点（CND）作为钙钛矿型太阳能电池（PSC）的有效添加剂。这些富含羧酸和羟基的CND通过氢键与钙钛矿相互作用，从而提高了载流子的寿命，并实现了具有铟锡氧化物/ NiO _x / CH ₃ NH ₃结构的高性能p–i–n PSC。碘化铅₃（MAPbI ₃）/ PC ₆₁BM / BCP / Ag。由于CND和钙钛矿之间的相互作用，非挥发性CND添加剂的存在将PSC的功率转换效率（PCE）从14.48％±0.39％提高到16.47％±0.26％。此外，添加尿素（路易斯碱）可使PCE增至20.2％，这是晶体尺寸显着增加和晶界缺陷含量降低并因此延长了载流子寿命的结果。包含这两种添加剂的电池（无封装）具有出色的保质期和空气稳定性，在空气中（温度25°C和湿度40％）保存500小时后，仍能保持较高的PCE。该性能是有报道称采用碳基添加剂的p–i–n PSC设备中性能最好的。