Organic Cross‐Linker Enabling a 3D Porous Skeleton–Supported Na3V2(PO4)3/Carbon Composite for High Power Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode,Small Methods

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Organic Cross‐Linker Enabling a 3D Porous Skeleton–Supported Na3V2(PO4)3/Carbon Composite for High Power Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode
Small Methods ( IF 10.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-15 , DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201800169
Enhui Wang _{1,

2} , Mingzhe Chen ₂ , Xiaohong Liu ₁ , Yumei Liu ₁ , Haipeng Guo ₂ , Zhenguo Wu ₁ , Wei Xiang ₃ , Benhe Zhong ₁ , Xiaodong Guo ₁ , Shulei Chou ₂ , Shi‐Xue Dou ₂

Affiliation

Cathodes with high energy density and good structural stability are needed for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) to be applied in energy storage field. Herein, a 3D porous skeleton–supported Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon composite (NVP@C‐3DPS) is synthesized via a simple sol–gel method by introducing an appropriate amount of citric acid as organic cross‐linker. The generated interlinking gel provides extensive support that orients the NVP crystal growth along the ductile carbon framework, directly exposing the active material to electrolyte. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy results reveal that the hierarchical pores (macro and meso) are interconnected by the gel skeleton, with their thickness ranging from 50 to 300 nm. Thus, advantages are achieved, including a highly conductive continuous network, effective electrolyte contact surface areas, and short Na‐ion transfer distance. Moreover, the cross‐linking and porous property on the nanoscale gives very superior barrier‐free Na‐ion diffusion. Consequently, the NVP@C‐3DPS electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including superior high‐rate capacity (78 mA h g⁻¹ at 192 C, approaching 76.9% of the initial capability of 98.6 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.5 C), remarkable cycling stability (98.4% retention after 800 cycles at 1 C, 91.4% retention after 2000 cycles at 10 C), and outstanding high‐rate endurance (76.0% capacity retentions after 3000 cycles at 100 C).

中文翻译：

有机交联剂，可用于高功率钠离子电池阴极的3D多孔骨架支持的Na3V2（PO4）3 /碳复合材料

钠离子电池（SIB）应用于储能领域需要具有高能量密度和良好结构稳定性的阴极。此处，是3D多孔骨架支撑的Na ₃ V ₂（PO ₄）₃通过引入适量的柠檬酸作为有机交联剂，通过简单的溶胶-凝胶法合成/碳复合物（NVP @ C-3DPS）。生成的交联凝胶提供了广泛的支持，可以使NVP晶体沿着延性碳骨架生长，从而使活性物质直接暴露于电解质中。场发射扫描电子显微镜结果表明，凝胶骨架相互连接着层级孔（宏孔和内消旋孔），其厚度在50至300 nm之间。因此，可以实现许多优点，包括高导电性的连续网络，有效的电解质接触表面积以及较短的Na离子转移距离。此外，纳米级的交联和多孔性可提供非常优异的无障碍Na离子扩散。所以，^-1在192℃，接近98.6毫安汞柱的初始能力的76.9％^-1以0.5C），显着的循环稳定性（800次循环后98.4％保留在1℃，2000次循环后91.4％保留在10℃），和出色的高耐用性（在100 C下进行3000次循环后，容量保持率为76.0％）。

更新日期：2018-10-15

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