The looming energy crisis and greenhouse effect are two of the greatest problems facing the sustainable development of humanity. Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into fuels and chemicals by organisms is a promising way to solve these problems. However, since the natural biological carbon fixation rate cannot meet the industrial demand, more efficient carbon fixation processes are urgently needed. With the rapid development of biotechnology and life sciences, more and more information about the natural carbon fixation processes have been revealed. The unrelenting efforts have been practiced for improving the carbon fixation efficiency by redesigning carbon fixation pathways and even introducing novel energy supply patterns. In this review, we summarized the recent achievements and discussed the future prospects on biological carbon fixation.

迫在眉睫的能源危机和温室效应是人类可持续发展面临的两个最大问题。二氧化碳转化率（CO ₂）由生物体转化为燃料和化学物质是解决这些问题的一种有前途的方法。然而，由于天然生物固碳率不能满足工业需求，因此迫切需要更有效的固碳工艺。随着生物技术和生命科学的飞速发展，有关自然碳固定过程的信息越来越多。通过重新设计碳固定路径，甚至引入新颖的能源供应方式，为提高碳固定效率进行了不懈的努力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近的成就，并讨论了生物碳固定的未来前景。