At present, Pd containing (10–40 wt%) multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) supported Pd monometallic, Pd:Au bimetallic, and PdAuCo trimetallic catalysts are prepared via NaBH₄ reduction method to examine their formic acid electrooxidation activities and direct formic acid fuel cell performances (DFAFCs) when used as anode catalysts. These catalysts are characterized by advanced analytical techniques as N₂ adsorption and desorption, XRD, SAXS, SEM-EDX, and TEM. Electronic state of Pd changes by the addition of Au and Co. Moreover, formic acid electrooxidation activities of these catalysts measured by CV indicates that particle size changes in wide range play a major role in the formic acid electrochemical oxidation activity, ascribed the strong structure sensitivity of formic acid electrooxidation reaction. PdAuCo (80:10:10)/MWCNT catalyst displays the most significant current density increase. On the other hand, lower CO stripping peak potential obtained for PdAuCo (80:10:10)/MWCNT catalyst, attributed to the awakening of the Pd-adsorbate bond strength down to its optimum value, which favors higher electrochemical activity. DFAFCs performance tests and exergy analysis reveal that fuel cell performances increase with the addition of Au and Co which can be attributed to synergetic effect. Furthermore, temperature strongly influences the performance of formic acid fuel cell.

目前，通过NaBH ₄还原法制备了含Pd（10–40 wt％）的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）负载的Pd单金属催化剂，Pd：Au双金属催化剂和PdAuCo三金属催化剂，以检查其甲酸电氧化活性和直接甲酸燃料用作阳极催化剂时的电池性能（DFAFC）。这些催化剂通过先进的分析技术表征为N ₂吸附和解吸，XRD，SAXS，SEM-EDX和TEM。Pd的电子状态通过Au和Co的添加而改变。此外，通过CV测定的这些催化剂的甲酸电氧化活性表明，粒径的大范围变化对甲酸的电化学氧化活性起主要作用，归因于其强的结构敏感性甲酸的电氧化反应。PdAuCo（80:10:10）/ MWCNT催化剂显示出最大的电流密度增加。另一方面，PdAuCo（80:10:10）/ MWCNT催化剂获得的较低的CO脱除峰电势，归因于Pd-吸附物键合强度的唤醒降至其最佳值，这有利于更高的电化学活性。DFAFCs性能测试和火用分析表明，随着Au和Co的添加，燃料电池的性能会提高，这归因于协同效应。此外，温度强烈影响甲酸燃料电池的性能。