Alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) is one of the major Alternaria mycotoxins present in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, grains, and their products, and possesses the properties of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive colorimetric immunosensor based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was firstly developed for the detection of AME in fruit by nonaggregated gold nanoparticles (GNPs). AME–BSA–Fe₃O₄ MNP conjugates and free AME molecules in samples competitively bind with monoclonal antibody (mAb)–GNP conjugates. After magnetic separation, the UV absorbance of the nonaggregated GNP supernatant was measured directly. The absorption intensity was proportional to the concentration of AME in the sample. Carboxyl-group-modified AME, AME–bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates, anti-AME mAbs, AME–BSA–Fe₃O₄ MNP conjugates, and mAb–GNP conjugates were prepared and characterized. The effect of GNP sizes (16, 24, and 40 nm) on the colorimetric determination of AME was studied. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection and the linear range for AME were 0.16 ng/mL and 0.08–0.48 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, the colorimetric immunosensor developed has lower cross-reactivity with AME analogues. The recoveries of spiked fruits ranged from 80.6% to 90.7%. The colorimetric immunosensor developed provides a promising method for simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and highly specific detection of other mycotoxins in the field of food safety.

中文翻译：

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一种简单，高度灵敏的比色免疫传感器，用于通过非聚集金纳米粒子检测水果中的交替糖单甲醚

交替链烷醇单甲醚（AME）是广泛存在于水果，蔬菜，谷物及其产品中的主要链霉菌真菌毒素之一，并具有致突变性和致癌性。在这项研究中，首先开发了一种基于磁性纳米粒子（MNP）的简单，快速，高度灵敏的比色免疫传感器，用于通过非聚集金纳米粒子（GNP）检测水果中的AME。AME–BSA–Fe ₃ O ₄样品中的MNP结合物和游离AME分子与单克隆抗体（mAb）-GNP结合物竞争性结合。磁分离后，直接测量未聚集的GNP上清液的UV吸光度。吸收强度与样品中AME的浓度成正比。羧基修饰的AME，AME-牛血清白蛋白（BSA）缀合物，抗AME mAb，AME-BSA-Fe ₃ O ₄MNP共轭物和mAb-GNP共轭物已制备并表征。研究了GNP大小（16、24和40 nm）对AME的比色测定的影响。在优化条件下，AME的检出限和线性范围分别为0.16 ng / mL和0.08–0.48 ng / mL。此外，开发的比色免疫传感器与AME类似物的交叉反应性较低。加标水果的回收率在80.6％至90.7％之间。开发的比色免疫传感器为食品安全领域中其他霉菌毒素的简单，快速，高度灵敏和高度特异性的检测提供了一种有前途的方法。