The use of nanomaterials in the chemical, biomedical, and biotechnological sciences is growing, increasing the possible release of these materials into the environment and contact with living organisms. Because of their large surface area, biomolecules can be adsorbed on the surface of nanomaterials. Proteins bind to the surface of nanoparticles (NPs), forming a biological layer around the NP, the “protein corona,” which gives new characteristics to the NPs in biological milieu and may affect biomedical applications or induce nanotoxicological effects. Therefore, the development of analytical tools for identification of NP protein corona behavior is essential. Techniques such as spectroscopy, chromatography, calorimetry, and electrophoresis have been used to investigate the interaction of NPs with proteins. This review describes recent developments in the application of electrophoresis techniques for profiling of NP–protein interactions. Further, we provide an overview of directions and challenges in the application of electrophoresis methods for the investigation of NP–protein structures.

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纳米材料在化学，生物医学和生物技术科学领域的使用正在增长，这增加了将这些材料释放到环境中以及与生物接触的可能性。由于它们的大表面积，生物分子可以被吸附在纳米材料的表面上。蛋白质与纳米颗粒（NP）的表面结合，在NP周围形成生物层，即“蛋白质电晕”，这为生物环境中的NP提供了新的特征，并可能影响生物医学应用或诱发纳米毒理学作用。因此，开发用于鉴定NP蛋白电晕行为的分析工具至关重要。光谱学，色谱法，量热法和电泳法等技术已用于研究NP与蛋白质的相互作用。这篇综述描述了电泳技术在分析NP-蛋白质相互作用中的最新进展。此外，我们概述了电泳方法在研究NP-蛋白质结构中的应用方向和挑战。

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